TY - JOUR
T1 - Visualizing a Task Performer’s Gaze to Foster Observers’ Performance and Learning
T2 - a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples
AU - Emhardt, Selina N.
AU - Kok, Ellen
AU - van Gog, Tamara
AU - Brandt-Gruwel, Saskia
AU - van Marlen, Tim
AU - Jarodzka, Halszka
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Eye movement modeling examples (EMMEs) are instructional videos (e.g., tutorials) that visualize another person’s gaze location while they demonstrate how to perform a task. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of studies on the effects of EMME to foster observers’ performance and learning and highlights their differences in EMME designs. Through a broad, systematic search on four relevant databases, we identified 72 EMME studies (78 experiments). First, we created an overview of the different study backgrounds. Studies most often taught tasks from the domains of sports/physical education, medicine, aviation, and STEM areas and had different rationales for displaying EMME. Next, we outlined how studies differed in terms of participant characteristics, task types, and the design of the EMME materials, which makes it hard to infer how these differences affect performance and learning. Third, we concluded that the vast majority of the experiments showed at least some positive effects of EMME during learning, on tests directly after learning, and tests after a delay. Finally, our results provide a first indication of which EMME characteristics may positively influence learning. Future research should start to more systematically examine the effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and task types.
AB - Eye movement modeling examples (EMMEs) are instructional videos (e.g., tutorials) that visualize another person’s gaze location while they demonstrate how to perform a task. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of studies on the effects of EMME to foster observers’ performance and learning and highlights their differences in EMME designs. Through a broad, systematic search on four relevant databases, we identified 72 EMME studies (78 experiments). First, we created an overview of the different study backgrounds. Studies most often taught tasks from the domains of sports/physical education, medicine, aviation, and STEM areas and had different rationales for displaying EMME. Next, we outlined how studies differed in terms of participant characteristics, task types, and the design of the EMME materials, which makes it hard to infer how these differences affect performance and learning. Third, we concluded that the vast majority of the experiments showed at least some positive effects of EMME during learning, on tests directly after learning, and tests after a delay. Finally, our results provide a first indication of which EMME characteristics may positively influence learning. Future research should start to more systematically examine the effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and task types.
KW - Attention guidance
KW - Eye movement modeling examples
KW - Instructional design
KW - Learning
KW - Performance
KW - Systematic review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148431191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10648-023-09731-7
DO - 10.1007/s10648-023-09731-7
M3 - Review article
SN - 1040-726X
VL - 35
SP - 1
EP - 34
JO - Educational Psychology Review
JF - Educational Psychology Review
IS - 1
M1 - 23
ER -