Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination

Yinghong Hu; Eline M. Hutter; Philipp Rieder; Irene Grill; Jonas Hanisch; Meltem F. Aygüler; Alexander G. Hufnagel; Matthias Handloser; Thomas Bein; Achim Hartschuh; Kristofer Tvingstedt; Vladimir Dyakonov; Andreas Baumann; Tom J. Savenije; Michiel L. Petrus; Pablo Docampo

doi:10.1002/aenm.201703057

Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination

Yinghong Hu, Eline M. Hutter, Philipp Rieder, Irene Grill, Jonas Hanisch, Meltem F. Aygüler, Alexander G. Hufnagel, Matthias Handloser, Thomas Bein, Achim Hartschuh, Kristofer Tvingstedt, Vladimir Dyakonov, Andreas Baumann^*, Tom J. Savenije, Michiel L. Petrus, Pablo Docampo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Adding cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) cations to FA_0.83MA_0.17Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃ hybrid lead halide perovskites results in a remarkable improvement in solar cell performance, but the origin of the enhancement has not been fully understood yet. In this work, time-of-flight, time-resolved microwave conductivity, and thermally stimulated current measurements are performed to elucidate the impact of the inorganic cation additives on the trap landscape and charge transport properties within perovskite solar cells. These complementary techniques allow for the assessment of both local features within the perovskite crystals and macroscopic properties of films and full devices. Strikingly, Cs-incorporation is shown to reduce the trap density and charge recombination rates in the perovskite layer. This is consistent with the significant improvements in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of Cs-containing devices. By comparison, Rb-addition results in an increased charge carrier mobility, which is accompanied by a minor increase in device efficiency and reduced current–voltage hysteresis. By mixing Cs and Rb in quadruple cation (Cs-Rb-FA-MA) perovskites, the advantages of both inorganic cations can be combined. This study provides valuable insights into the role of these additives in multiple-cation perovskite solar cells, which are essential for the design of high-performance devices.

Original language	English
Article number	1703057
Journal	Advanced Energy Materials
Volume	8
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703057
Publication status	Published - 5 Jun 2018
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Y.H., E.M.H., and P.R. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank Dr. Steffen Schmidt from the LMU Munich for the SEM images. This project was financed by grants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the project ID 03SF0516B and 03SF0514A/B. The authors acknowledge funding from the Bavarian Collaborative Research Program “Solar Technologies Go Hybrid” (SolTech), the Center for NanoScience (CeNS), and the German Research Foundation (DFG) Excellence Cluster “Nanosystems Initiative Munich” (NIM). E.M.H. and T.S. thank the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for funding. A.B. and V.D. work at the ZAE Bayern, which was financed by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology. P.R. acknowledges the DFG for funding in the framework of the GRK 2112. K.T. acknowledges the DFG for funding through grant project 382633022. M.F.A. acknowledges the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. A.G.H. acknowledges funding by the Fonds der chemischen Industrie.

Keywords

charge carrier mobility
charge recombination
inorganic cations
perovskite solar cells
trap density

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Hu, Y., Hutter, E. M., Rieder, P., Grill, I., Hanisch, J., Aygüler, M. F., Hufnagel, A. G., Handloser, M., Bein, T., Hartschuh, A., Tvingstedt, K., Dyakonov, V., Baumann, A., Savenije, T. J., Petrus, M. L., & Docampo, P. (2018). Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination. Advanced Energy Materials, 8(16), Article 1703057. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703057

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title = "Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination",

abstract = "Adding cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) cations to FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 hybrid lead halide perovskites results in a remarkable improvement in solar cell performance, but the origin of the enhancement has not been fully understood yet. In this work, time-of-flight, time-resolved microwave conductivity, and thermally stimulated current measurements are performed to elucidate the impact of the inorganic cation additives on the trap landscape and charge transport properties within perovskite solar cells. These complementary techniques allow for the assessment of both local features within the perovskite crystals and macroscopic properties of films and full devices. Strikingly, Cs-incorporation is shown to reduce the trap density and charge recombination rates in the perovskite layer. This is consistent with the significant improvements in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of Cs-containing devices. By comparison, Rb-addition results in an increased charge carrier mobility, which is accompanied by a minor increase in device efficiency and reduced current–voltage hysteresis. By mixing Cs and Rb in quadruple cation (Cs-Rb-FA-MA) perovskites, the advantages of both inorganic cations can be combined. This study provides valuable insights into the role of these additives in multiple-cation perovskite solar cells, which are essential for the design of high-performance devices.",

keywords = "charge carrier mobility, charge recombination, inorganic cations, perovskite solar cells, trap density",

author = "Yinghong Hu and Hutter, {Eline M.} and Philipp Rieder and Irene Grill and Jonas Hanisch and Ayg{\"u}ler, {Meltem F.} and Hufnagel, {Alexander G.} and Matthias Handloser and Thomas Bein and Achim Hartschuh and Kristofer Tvingstedt and Vladimir Dyakonov and Andreas Baumann and Savenije, {Tom J.} and Petrus, {Michiel L.} and Pablo Docampo",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

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Hu, Y, Hutter, EM, Rieder, P, Grill, I, Hanisch, J, Aygüler, MF, Hufnagel, AG, Handloser, M, Bein, T, Hartschuh, A, Tvingstedt, K, Dyakonov, V, Baumann, A, Savenije, TJ, Petrus, ML & Docampo, P 2018, 'Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination', Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 8, no. 16, 1703057. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703057

TY - JOUR

T1 - Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells

T2 - Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination

AU - Hu, Yinghong

AU - Hutter, Eline M.

AU - Rieder, Philipp

AU - Grill, Irene

AU - Hanisch, Jonas

AU - Aygüler, Meltem F.

AU - Hufnagel, Alexander G.

AU - Handloser, Matthias

AU - Bein, Thomas

AU - Hartschuh, Achim

AU - Tvingstedt, Kristofer

AU - Dyakonov, Vladimir

AU - Baumann, Andreas

AU - Savenije, Tom J.

AU - Petrus, Michiel L.

AU - Docampo, Pablo

PY - 2018/6/5

Y1 - 2018/6/5

N2 - Adding cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) cations to FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 hybrid lead halide perovskites results in a remarkable improvement in solar cell performance, but the origin of the enhancement has not been fully understood yet. In this work, time-of-flight, time-resolved microwave conductivity, and thermally stimulated current measurements are performed to elucidate the impact of the inorganic cation additives on the trap landscape and charge transport properties within perovskite solar cells. These complementary techniques allow for the assessment of both local features within the perovskite crystals and macroscopic properties of films and full devices. Strikingly, Cs-incorporation is shown to reduce the trap density and charge recombination rates in the perovskite layer. This is consistent with the significant improvements in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of Cs-containing devices. By comparison, Rb-addition results in an increased charge carrier mobility, which is accompanied by a minor increase in device efficiency and reduced current–voltage hysteresis. By mixing Cs and Rb in quadruple cation (Cs-Rb-FA-MA) perovskites, the advantages of both inorganic cations can be combined. This study provides valuable insights into the role of these additives in multiple-cation perovskite solar cells, which are essential for the design of high-performance devices.

AB - Adding cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) cations to FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 hybrid lead halide perovskites results in a remarkable improvement in solar cell performance, but the origin of the enhancement has not been fully understood yet. In this work, time-of-flight, time-resolved microwave conductivity, and thermally stimulated current measurements are performed to elucidate the impact of the inorganic cation additives on the trap landscape and charge transport properties within perovskite solar cells. These complementary techniques allow for the assessment of both local features within the perovskite crystals and macroscopic properties of films and full devices. Strikingly, Cs-incorporation is shown to reduce the trap density and charge recombination rates in the perovskite layer. This is consistent with the significant improvements in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of Cs-containing devices. By comparison, Rb-addition results in an increased charge carrier mobility, which is accompanied by a minor increase in device efficiency and reduced current–voltage hysteresis. By mixing Cs and Rb in quadruple cation (Cs-Rb-FA-MA) perovskites, the advantages of both inorganic cations can be combined. This study provides valuable insights into the role of these additives in multiple-cation perovskite solar cells, which are essential for the design of high-performance devices.

KW - charge carrier mobility

KW - charge recombination

KW - inorganic cations

KW - perovskite solar cells

KW - trap density

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DO - 10.1002/aenm.201703057

M3 - Article

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VL - 8

JO - Advanced Energy Materials

JF - Advanced Energy Materials

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ER -

Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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