Trajectories of insomnia following bereavement

T.A. de Lang; A. Buyukcan-Tetik; P.J. de Jong; M. Lancel; M.C. Eisma

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.009

Trajectories of insomnia following bereavement

T.A. de Lang, A. Buyukcan-Tetik, P.J. de Jong, M. Lancel, M.C. Eisma

University of Groningen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Insomnia symptoms are common following bereavement and may exacerbate severe and protracted grief reactions, such as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). However, typical trajectories of insomnia symptoms and risk factors for having a more chronic insomnia trajectory following bereavement are yet unknown.

METHOD: In the current investigation, 220 recently bereaved (≤6 months post-loss) participants, completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and loss-related characteristics, rumination, experiential avoidance and symptoms of (prolonged) grief and depression, on three time-points (6 months apart). We applied growth mixture models to investigate the typical trajectories of insomnia symptoms following bereavement.

RESULTS: Three insomnia trajectory classes emerged, characterized by a resilient (47 %), recovering (43 %), and a chronic trajectory (10 %). Baseline depression symptoms best predicted the type of insomnia trajectory. At one-year follow-up, 9 %, 27 %, and 60 % of participants met the criteria for probable PGD within the resilient, recovering and chronic trajectory, respectively. A parallel process model showed that temporal changes in insomnia symptoms were strongly related to changes in prolonged grief symptoms.

CONCLUSION: The results suggest, that targeting insomnia symptoms in the treatment of PGD, particularly with comorbid depression, may be a viable option.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	159-166
Number of pages	8
Journal	Sleep Medicine
Volume	114
Early online date	27 Dec 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.009
Publication status	Published - Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Funding

This work was supported by Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ [Project number 291 ]; Maarten Eisma was supported by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [Grant/Award Number: 016.veni195.113 ]. The funder did not play a role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, in the writing of te report or in the decision to subit for publication.

Funders	Funder number
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	veni195.113
Stichting tot Steun Vereniging tot Christelijke Verzorging van Geestes- en Zenuwzieken	291

Keywords

Complicated grief
Growth curve modeling
Parallel process analysis
Prolonged grief disorder
Sleep

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title = "Trajectories of insomnia following bereavement",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Insomnia symptoms are common following bereavement and may exacerbate severe and protracted grief reactions, such as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). However, typical trajectories of insomnia symptoms and risk factors for having a more chronic insomnia trajectory following bereavement are yet unknown.METHOD: In the current investigation, 220 recently bereaved (≤6 months post-loss) participants, completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and loss-related characteristics, rumination, experiential avoidance and symptoms of (prolonged) grief and depression, on three time-points (6 months apart). We applied growth mixture models to investigate the typical trajectories of insomnia symptoms following bereavement.RESULTS: Three insomnia trajectory classes emerged, characterized by a resilient (47 %), recovering (43 %), and a chronic trajectory (10 %). Baseline depression symptoms best predicted the type of insomnia trajectory. At one-year follow-up, 9 %, 27 %, and 60 % of participants met the criteria for probable PGD within the resilient, recovering and chronic trajectory, respectively. A parallel process model showed that temporal changes in insomnia symptoms were strongly related to changes in prolonged grief symptoms.CONCLUSION: The results suggest, that targeting insomnia symptoms in the treatment of PGD, particularly with comorbid depression, may be a viable option.",

keywords = "Complicated grief, Growth curve modeling, Parallel process analysis, Prolonged grief disorder, Sleep",

author = "{de Lang}, T.A. and A. Buyukcan-Tetik and {de Jong}, P.J. and M. Lancel and M.C. Eisma",

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Trajectories of insomnia following bereavement

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Keywords

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