TY - JOUR
T1 - The Tonic Immobility Scale in adolescent and young adult rape victims
T2 - Support for three-factor model.
AU - Covers, M.L.V.
AU - Huntjens, R.J.C.
AU - Hagenaars, M.A.
AU - Hehenkamp, L.M.J.
AU - Bicanic, I.A.E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Psychological Association
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Objective: A substantial number of sexual assault victims report experiencing some form of peritraumatic tonic immobility (TI). A self-report questionnaire that is widely used to assess TI retrospectively is the Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS). This study explored the factor structure of the TIS in a clinical sample of adolescent and young adults. Method: The sample comprised 131 female rape victims, aged 13–25, who were referred for specialized trauma-focused treatment. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed. Results: The EFA showed support for a three-factor model, with factors TI, Fear, and Detachment. Item correlations ranged from.32 to.57 for TI, from.14 to.35 for Fear, and.29 for the two Detachment items. Conclusions: We found support for a three-factor solution distinguishing TI, fear, and detachment, suggesting the need to further develop the TIS with different subscales in varying age groups and clinical samples.
AB - Objective: A substantial number of sexual assault victims report experiencing some form of peritraumatic tonic immobility (TI). A self-report questionnaire that is widely used to assess TI retrospectively is the Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS). This study explored the factor structure of the TIS in a clinical sample of adolescent and young adults. Method: The sample comprised 131 female rape victims, aged 13–25, who were referred for specialized trauma-focused treatment. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed. Results: The EFA showed support for a three-factor model, with factors TI, Fear, and Detachment. Item correlations ranged from.32 to.57 for TI, from.14 to.35 for Fear, and.29 for the two Detachment items. Conclusions: We found support for a three-factor solution distinguishing TI, fear, and detachment, suggesting the need to further develop the TIS with different subscales in varying age groups and clinical samples.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Exploratory factor analysis
KW - Rape
KW - Tonic immobility scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109010765&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1037/tra0001000
DO - 10.1037/tra0001000
M3 - Article
SN - 1942-9681
VL - 14
SP - 780
EP - 785
JO - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
JF - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
IS - 5
ER -