Synthesis of nisin AB dicarba analogs using ring-closing metathesis: Influence of sp³versus sp² hybridization of the α-carbon atom of residues dehydrobutyrine-2 and dehydroalanine-5 on the lipid II binding affinity

Herein the synthesis of two nisin AB dicarba analogs is described, focusing on amino acid modifications at positions 2 and 5. The nisin mimics were synthesized by a combination of solid phase synthesis of the linear peptides, followed by macrocyclization via ring-closing metathesis and fragment assembly by means of solution phase chemistry. The two N-terminal nisin AB-fragment mimics contain either the native dehydrobutyrine (Dhb)/dehydroalanine (Dha) amino acid residues or alanine at position 2 and 5, respectively. The native dehydrobutyrine at position 2 and dehydroalanine at position 5 were introduced as their precursors, namely threonine and serine, respectively, and subsequent dehydration was carried out by EDCI/CuCl as the condensing agent. Both AB-fragment mimics were analyzed in a lipid II binding assay and it was found that the Ala2/Ala5 AB-mimic (2) showed a reduced activity, while the Dhb2/Dha5 AB-mimic (3) was as active as the native AB-fragment (1).