Sympatric speciation and extinction driven by environment dependent sexual selection

A theoretical model is studied to investigate the possibility of sympatric speciation driven by sexual selection and ecological diversification. In particular, we focus on the rock-dwelling haplochromine cichlid species in Lake Victoria. The high speciation rate in these cichlids has been explained by their apparent ability to specialize rapidly to a large diversity of feeding niches. Seehausen and colleagues, however, demonstrated the importance of sexual selection in maintaining reproductive barriers between species. Our individual-orientated model integrates both niche differentiation and a Fisherian runaway process, which is limited by visibility constraints. The model shows rapid sympatric speciation or extinction of species, depending on the strength of sexual selection.