Single- and Mixed-Mode Survey Data Collection

The main data collection modes for surveys are the face-to-face interview, telephone interview, paper mail survey, and online survey. This entry deals with both single- and mixed-mode survey data collection. Survey modes are associated with different types of errors. These types of errors can be based in the representation side, that is, whether or not the sample represents the population, or be related to measurement issues. This entry discusses the total survey error paradigm and how this affects the different modes of data collection. Logistics associated with single- and mixed-mode surveys are discussed, as well as the use of auxiliary data and methods to analyze (mixed-mode) surveys. The entry ends with a view toward the future of single- and mixed-mode data collection, including mixed-application integrated research that combines survey research with other types of data.