Schema therapy for chronic depression: Results of a multiple single case series

F. Renner; A. Arntz; F.P.M.L. Peeters; J. Lobbestael; M.J.H. Huibers

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.001

Schema therapy for chronic depression: Results of a multiple single case series

F. Renner^*
, A. Arntz
, F.P.M.L. Peeters
, J. Lobbestael
, M.J.H. Huibers

^*Corresponding author for this work

Medical Research Council
Maastricht University
University of Amsterdam
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background and objectives

The aim of this study was to test the effects of individual schema therapy (ST) for patients with chronic depression.

Methods

Using a multiple-baseline single case series design, patients with chronic major depressive disorder (N = 25) first entered a 6-24 weeks baseline phase; this phase functioned as a no-treatment control condition. Then, patients started a 12 week exploration phase during which symptoms and underlying schemas were explored; this phase functioned as an attention control condition. Next, patients received up to 65 sessions of individual ST. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) were the primary outcome measures. The BDI-II was assessed once a week during all phases of the study resulting in 100 repeated assessments per participant on average. Mixed regression analysis was used to contrast change in symptoms during the intervention with change in symptoms during the baseline and exploration control phases.

Results

When compared to the no-treatment control period, the intervention had a significant, large effect on depressive symptoms (Cohen's d BDI-II = 1.30; Cohen's d QIDS = 1.22). Effects on secondary continuous outcomes were moderate to large. Limitations The small sample size and lack of a control group.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that ST might be an effective treatment for patients with chronic depression.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	66-73
Journal	Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Volume	51
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.001
Publication status	Published - 2016
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Maastricht University and the Academic Community Mental Health Centre Maastricht provided financial support for this study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Funding

Maastricht University and the Academic Community Mental Health Centre Maastricht provided financial support for this study.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Chronic depression
Psychological treatment
Schema therapy
Single case series

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.001

Cite this

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title = "Schema therapy for chronic depression: Results of a multiple single case series",

abstract = "Background and objectives The aim of this study was to test the effects of individual schema therapy (ST) for patients with chronic depression. Methods Using a multiple-baseline single case series design, patients with chronic major depressive disorder (N = 25) first entered a 6-24 weeks baseline phase; this phase functioned as a no-treatment control condition. Then, patients started a 12 week exploration phase during which symptoms and underlying schemas were explored; this phase functioned as an attention control condition. Next, patients received up to 65 sessions of individual ST. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) were the primary outcome measures. The BDI-II was assessed once a week during all phases of the study resulting in 100 repeated assessments per participant on average. Mixed regression analysis was used to contrast change in symptoms during the intervention with change in symptoms during the baseline and exploration control phases. Results When compared to the no-treatment control period, the intervention had a significant, large effect on depressive symptoms (Cohen's d BDI-II = 1.30; Cohen's d QIDS = 1.22). Effects on secondary continuous outcomes were moderate to large. Limitations The small sample size and lack of a control group. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that ST might be an effective treatment for patients with chronic depression.",

keywords = "Chronic depression, Psychological treatment, Schema therapy, Single case series",

author = "F. Renner and A. Arntz and F.P.M.L. Peeters and J. Lobbestael and M.J.H. Huibers",

note = "Funding Information: Maastricht University and the Academic Community Mental Health Centre Maastricht provided financial support for this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.001",

language = "English",

volume = "51",

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T2 - Results of a multiple single case series

AU - Renner, F.

AU - Arntz, A.

AU - Peeters, F.P.M.L.

AU - Lobbestael, J.

AU - Huibers, M.J.H.

N1 - Funding Information: Maastricht University and the Academic Community Mental Health Centre Maastricht provided financial support for this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Background and objectives The aim of this study was to test the effects of individual schema therapy (ST) for patients with chronic depression. Methods Using a multiple-baseline single case series design, patients with chronic major depressive disorder (N = 25) first entered a 6-24 weeks baseline phase; this phase functioned as a no-treatment control condition. Then, patients started a 12 week exploration phase during which symptoms and underlying schemas were explored; this phase functioned as an attention control condition. Next, patients received up to 65 sessions of individual ST. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) were the primary outcome measures. The BDI-II was assessed once a week during all phases of the study resulting in 100 repeated assessments per participant on average. Mixed regression analysis was used to contrast change in symptoms during the intervention with change in symptoms during the baseline and exploration control phases. Results When compared to the no-treatment control period, the intervention had a significant, large effect on depressive symptoms (Cohen's d BDI-II = 1.30; Cohen's d QIDS = 1.22). Effects on secondary continuous outcomes were moderate to large. Limitations The small sample size and lack of a control group. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that ST might be an effective treatment for patients with chronic depression.

AB - Background and objectives The aim of this study was to test the effects of individual schema therapy (ST) for patients with chronic depression. Methods Using a multiple-baseline single case series design, patients with chronic major depressive disorder (N = 25) first entered a 6-24 weeks baseline phase; this phase functioned as a no-treatment control condition. Then, patients started a 12 week exploration phase during which symptoms and underlying schemas were explored; this phase functioned as an attention control condition. Next, patients received up to 65 sessions of individual ST. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) were the primary outcome measures. The BDI-II was assessed once a week during all phases of the study resulting in 100 repeated assessments per participant on average. Mixed regression analysis was used to contrast change in symptoms during the intervention with change in symptoms during the baseline and exploration control phases. Results When compared to the no-treatment control period, the intervention had a significant, large effect on depressive symptoms (Cohen's d BDI-II = 1.30; Cohen's d QIDS = 1.22). Effects on secondary continuous outcomes were moderate to large. Limitations The small sample size and lack of a control group. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that ST might be an effective treatment for patients with chronic depression.

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KW - Psychological treatment

KW - Schema therapy

KW - Single case series

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JO - Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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ER -

Schema therapy for chronic depression: Results of a multiple single case series

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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