Salt mixtures in stone weathering

Sebastiaan Godts; Scott Allan Orr; Michael Steiger; Amelie Stahlbuhk; Tim De Kock; Julie Desarnaud; Hilde De Clercq; Veerle Cnudde

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40590-y

Salt mixtures in stone weathering

Sebastiaan Godts^*, Scott Allan Orr, Michael Steiger, Amelie Stahlbuhk, Tim De Kock, Julie Desarnaud, Hilde De Clercq, Veerle Cnudde

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Salt related weathering of stones has been attributed to pressures exerted by repeated cycles of crystallization within pores. Relative Humidity (RH) is a key driver for dissolution and crystallization processes. Despite the prevalence of salt mixtures in natural environments, most experimental work has focused on single salts. Thus, the identification of salt mixture composition and their behavior is necessary to understand weathering. Thermodynamic calculations are used to analyze several thousand realistic salt mixtures found in weathered stone. We identify two common mixture types and their behavior. From at least 85 salt species theoretically present, 14 common salts are identified that occur most frequently and their critical RH points are discussed. These findings have wide-reaching implications for understanding salt weathering processes and informing the design of experimental stone weathering research.

Original language	English
Article number	13306
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Number of pages	10
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40590-y
Publication status	Published - 16 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Belgium Science Policy (Belspo) within the framework of BRAIN-be 2.0, Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks: project B2/191/P1/PREDICT (Research action B2); joint PhD project PREDICT, Phase Transitions of Salts under Changing Climatic Conditions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Springer Nature Limited.

Funding

This research was funded by the Belgium Science Policy (Belspo) within the framework of BRAIN-be 2.0, Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks: project B2/191/P1/PREDICT (Research action B2); joint PhD project PREDICT, Phase Transitions of Salts under Changing Climatic Conditions.

Keywords

Behavior
Damage

Access to Document

10.1038/s41598-023-40590-yLicence: CC BY

s41598-023-40590-yFinal published version, 1.96 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Salt mixtures in stone weathering",

abstract = "Salt related weathering of stones has been attributed to pressures exerted by repeated cycles of crystallization within pores. Relative Humidity (RH) is a key driver for dissolution and crystallization processes. Despite the prevalence of salt mixtures in natural environments, most experimental work has focused on single salts. Thus, the identification of salt mixture composition and their behavior is necessary to understand weathering. Thermodynamic calculations are used to analyze several thousand realistic salt mixtures found in weathered stone. We identify two common mixture types and their behavior. From at least 85 salt species theoretically present, 14 common salts are identified that occur most frequently and their critical RH points are discussed. These findings have wide-reaching implications for understanding salt weathering processes and informing the design of experimental stone weathering research.",

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note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the Belgium Science Policy (Belspo) within the framework of BRAIN-be 2.0, Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks: project B2/191/P1/PREDICT (Research action B2); joint PhD project PREDICT, Phase Transitions of Salts under Changing Climatic Conditions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, Springer Nature Limited.",

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AU - Godts, Sebastiaan

AU - Orr, Scott Allan

AU - Steiger, Michael

AU - Stahlbuhk, Amelie

AU - De Kock, Tim

AU - Desarnaud, Julie

AU - De Clercq, Hilde

AU - Cnudde, Veerle

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the Belgium Science Policy (Belspo) within the framework of BRAIN-be 2.0, Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks: project B2/191/P1/PREDICT (Research action B2); joint PhD project PREDICT, Phase Transitions of Salts under Changing Climatic Conditions. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.

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N2 - Salt related weathering of stones has been attributed to pressures exerted by repeated cycles of crystallization within pores. Relative Humidity (RH) is a key driver for dissolution and crystallization processes. Despite the prevalence of salt mixtures in natural environments, most experimental work has focused on single salts. Thus, the identification of salt mixture composition and their behavior is necessary to understand weathering. Thermodynamic calculations are used to analyze several thousand realistic salt mixtures found in weathered stone. We identify two common mixture types and their behavior. From at least 85 salt species theoretically present, 14 common salts are identified that occur most frequently and their critical RH points are discussed. These findings have wide-reaching implications for understanding salt weathering processes and informing the design of experimental stone weathering research.

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Salt mixtures in stone weathering

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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