Runtime revision of norms and sanctions based on agent preferences

To fulfill the overall objectives of a multiagent system, the behavior of individual agents should be controlled and coordinated. Runtime norm enforcement is one way to do so without over-constraining the agents' autonomy. Due to the dynamicity and uncertainty of the environment, however, it is hard to specify norms that, when enforced, will fulfill the system-level objectives in every operating context. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the automated revision of norms by altering their sanctions, based on the data monitored during the system execution and on some knowledge about the agents' preferences. We use a Bayesian Network to learn at runtime the relationship between the obedience/violation of a norm and the achievement of the system objectives. We propose two heuristic strategies that explore the updated Bayesian Network and automatically revise the sanction of an enforced norm. An evaluation of our heuristics using a traffic simulator shows that our mechanisms outperform uninformed heuristics in terms of convergence speed.