TY - JOUR
T1 - Revealing real-time 3D in vivo pathogen dynamics in plants by label-free optical coherence tomography
AU - de Wit, Jos
AU - Tonn, Sebastian
AU - Shao, Mon Ray
AU - Van den Ackerveken, Guido
AU - Kalkman, Jeroen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Microscopic imaging for studying plant-pathogen interactions is limited by its reliance on invasive histological techniques, like clearing and staining, or, for in vivo imaging, on complicated generation of transgenic pathogens. We present real-time 3D in vivo visualization of pathogen dynamics with label-free optical coherence tomography. Based on intrinsic signal fluctuations as tissue contrast we image filamentous pathogens and a nematode in vivo in 3D in plant tissue. We analyze 3D images of lettuce downy mildew infection (Bremia lactucae) to obtain hyphal volume and length in three different lettuce genotypes with different resistance levels showing the ability for precise (micro) phenotyping and quantification of the infection level. In addition, we demonstrate in vivo longitudinal imaging of the growth of individual pathogen (sub)structures with functional contrast on the pathogen micro-activity revealing pathogen vitality thereby opening a window on the underlying molecular processes.
AB - Microscopic imaging for studying plant-pathogen interactions is limited by its reliance on invasive histological techniques, like clearing and staining, or, for in vivo imaging, on complicated generation of transgenic pathogens. We present real-time 3D in vivo visualization of pathogen dynamics with label-free optical coherence tomography. Based on intrinsic signal fluctuations as tissue contrast we image filamentous pathogens and a nematode in vivo in 3D in plant tissue. We analyze 3D images of lettuce downy mildew infection (Bremia lactucae) to obtain hyphal volume and length in three different lettuce genotypes with different resistance levels showing the ability for precise (micro) phenotyping and quantification of the infection level. In addition, we demonstrate in vivo longitudinal imaging of the growth of individual pathogen (sub)structures with functional contrast on the pathogen micro-activity revealing pathogen vitality thereby opening a window on the underlying molecular processes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85205275934&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-024-52594-x
DO - 10.1038/s41467-024-52594-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 39333465
AN - SCOPUS:85205275934
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 15
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
IS - 1
M1 - 8353
ER -