TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between dietary pesticide intake and urinary excretion
T2 - a pilot study using duplicate portion analysis
AU - Wieland, Nina C.
AU - Figueiredo, Daniel M.
AU - Mol, Hans
AU - González, Neus
AU - Abrantes, Nelson
AU - Aparicio, Virginia
AU - Campos, Isabel
AU - Contreras, Josefina
AU - Francisco, Alcon
AU - Glavan, Matjaž
AU - Blagus, Tanja
AU - Dolžan, Vita
AU - Harkes, Paula
AU - Nørgaard, Trine
AU - Schlünssen, Vivi
AU - Pasković, Igor
AU - Polić Pasković, Marija
AU - Graumans, Martien
AU - Ragas, Ad M.J.
AU - Russel, Frans G.M.
AU - Scheepers, Paul T.J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors
PY - 2026/1
Y1 - 2026/1
N2 - Dietary uptake is estimated using residue data from food commodities and predicting the effect of food processing, such as peeling. The aim of this study was to explore the value of the analysis of duplicate portions supplemented by the analysis of urinary metabolites. Forty-three participants, consuming organic and non-organic diets collected a duplicate portion of food and beverages for 24 h. Urine was collected up to 36 h to account for metabolism and prolonged excretion of metabolites. Pesticide residues were analysed in food portions and urine samples using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Multiple pesticide residues were detected per food portion. Out of 183 pesticides, 86 were detected in the diet. Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in 42 % and 30 % of all urine samples, respectively, while detection in the diet was low. A positive relationship between dietary intake and urinary excretion was found for 2,4-D and MCPA. No diet-urine relationship was observed for glyphosate and AMPA, indicating contribution from external routes of exposure. Hazard index (HI) indicated no exposure above the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for all participants. This study demonstrates how DPA combined with urine analysis gives insight into contribution of diet to total pesticide exposure compared to standard monitoring.
AB - Dietary uptake is estimated using residue data from food commodities and predicting the effect of food processing, such as peeling. The aim of this study was to explore the value of the analysis of duplicate portions supplemented by the analysis of urinary metabolites. Forty-three participants, consuming organic and non-organic diets collected a duplicate portion of food and beverages for 24 h. Urine was collected up to 36 h to account for metabolism and prolonged excretion of metabolites. Pesticide residues were analysed in food portions and urine samples using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Multiple pesticide residues were detected per food portion. Out of 183 pesticides, 86 were detected in the diet. Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in 42 % and 30 % of all urine samples, respectively, while detection in the diet was low. A positive relationship between dietary intake and urinary excretion was found for 2,4-D and MCPA. No diet-urine relationship was observed for glyphosate and AMPA, indicating contribution from external routes of exposure. Hazard index (HI) indicated no exposure above the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for all participants. This study demonstrates how DPA combined with urine analysis gives insight into contribution of diet to total pesticide exposure compared to standard monitoring.
KW - Biocides
KW - Biological monitoring
KW - Dietary exposure
KW - Plant protection products
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020041868
U2 - 10.1016/j.yrtph.2025.105972
DO - 10.1016/j.yrtph.2025.105972
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105020041868
SN - 0273-2300
VL - 164
JO - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
M1 - 105972
ER -