TY - JOUR
T1 - Recruitment of participants through community pharmacies for a pharmacogenetic study of antihypertensive drug treatment
AU - van Wieren-de Wijer, Diane B M A
AU - Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse
AU - de Boer, Anthonius
AU - Stricker, Bruno H Ch
AU - Kroon, Abraham A
AU - de Leeuw, Peter W
AU - Bozkurt, O
AU - Klungel, Olaf H
PY - 2009/4
Y1 - 2009/4
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To describe the design, recruitment and baseline characteristics of participants in a community pharmacy based pharmacogenetic study of antihypertensive drug treatment.SETTING: Participants enrolled from the population-based Pharmaco-Morbidity Record Linkage System.METHOD: We designed a nested case-control study in which we will assess whether specific genetic polymorphisms modify the effect of antihypertensive drugs on the risk of myocardial infarction. In this study, cases (myocardial infarction) and controls were recruited through community pharmacies that participate in PHARMO. The PHARMO database comprises drug dispensing histories of about 2,000,000 subjects from a representative sample of Dutch community pharmacies linked to the national registrations of hospital discharges.RESULTS: In total we selected 31010 patients (2777 cases and 28233 controls) from the PHARMO database, of whom 15973 (1871 cases, 14102 controls) were approached through their community pharmacy. Overall response rate was 36.3% (n = 5791, 794 cases, 4997 controls), whereas 32.1% (n = 5126, 701 cases, 4425 controls) gave informed consent to genotype their DNA. As expected, several cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus were more common in cases than in controls.CONCLUSION: Furthermore, cases more often used beta-blockers and calcium-antagonists, whereas controls more often used thiazide diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and angiotensin-II receptor blockers. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to select patients from a coded database for a pharmacogenetic study and to approach them through community pharmacies, achieving reasonable response rates and without violating privacy rules.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe the design, recruitment and baseline characteristics of participants in a community pharmacy based pharmacogenetic study of antihypertensive drug treatment.SETTING: Participants enrolled from the population-based Pharmaco-Morbidity Record Linkage System.METHOD: We designed a nested case-control study in which we will assess whether specific genetic polymorphisms modify the effect of antihypertensive drugs on the risk of myocardial infarction. In this study, cases (myocardial infarction) and controls were recruited through community pharmacies that participate in PHARMO. The PHARMO database comprises drug dispensing histories of about 2,000,000 subjects from a representative sample of Dutch community pharmacies linked to the national registrations of hospital discharges.RESULTS: In total we selected 31010 patients (2777 cases and 28233 controls) from the PHARMO database, of whom 15973 (1871 cases, 14102 controls) were approached through their community pharmacy. Overall response rate was 36.3% (n = 5791, 794 cases, 4997 controls), whereas 32.1% (n = 5126, 701 cases, 4425 controls) gave informed consent to genotype their DNA. As expected, several cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus were more common in cases than in controls.CONCLUSION: Furthermore, cases more often used beta-blockers and calcium-antagonists, whereas controls more often used thiazide diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and angiotensin-II receptor blockers. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to select patients from a coded database for a pharmacogenetic study and to approach them through community pharmacies, achieving reasonable response rates and without violating privacy rules.
KW - Aged
KW - Antihypertensive Agents
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Feasibility Studies
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Myocardial Infarction
KW - Patient Selection
KW - Pharmacies
KW - Pharmacogenetics
KW - Research Design
U2 - 10.1007/s11096-008-9264-x
DO - 10.1007/s11096-008-9264-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 19043802
SN - 0928-1231
VL - 31
SP - 158
EP - 164
JO - Pharmacy World & Science
JF - Pharmacy World & Science
IS - 2
ER -
