Quantitation of Maillard Reaction Products in Commercially Available Pet Foods

Charlotte van Rooijen; Guido Bosch; Antonius F. B. van der Poel; Peter A. Wierenga; Lucille Alexander; Wouter H. Hendriks

doi:10.1021/jf502064h

Quantitation of Maillard Reaction Products in Commercially Available Pet Foods

Charlotte van Rooijen, Guido Bosch^*, Antonius F. B. van der Poel, Peter A. Wierenga, Lucille Alexander, Wouter H. Hendriks

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods. Sixty-seven extruded, canned, and pelleted dog and cat foods for growth and maintenance were analyzed using UPLC-MS. Canned pet foods contained on average the most FL, CML, and HMF (4534, 37, and 1417 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) followed by pelleted and extruded foods. Average daily intake (mg/kg body weight(0.75)) of HMF is 122 times higher for dogs and 38 times higher for cats than average intake for adult humans. As commercial pet foods are most often the only source of food for dogs and cats, future research focus should be on the bioavailability and long-term health implications of MRP consumption by dogs and cats.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	8883-8891
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume	62
Issue number	35
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502064h
Publication status	Published - 3 Sept 2014

Funding

The project for which this work was conducted is jointly financed by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund, and The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, Peaks in the Delta, the Municipality of Groningen, the Province of Groningen, and MARS Petcare as well as the Dutch Carbohydrate Competence Center (CCC WP 5). MARS Petcare was involved in study design, data interpretation, and manuscript preparation. All other funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this paper.

Keywords

advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)
carboxymethyllysine (CML)
hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
pet food processing dogs and cats
PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS
INFANT MILK FORMULAS
NUTRITIVE-VALUE
FURFURAL COMPOUNDS
CANINE DIETS
BREAST-MILK
LYSINE
PROTEINS
FUROSINE

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title = "Quantitation of Maillard Reaction Products in Commercially Available Pet Foods",

abstract = "During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods. Sixty-seven extruded, canned, and pelleted dog and cat foods for growth and maintenance were analyzed using UPLC-MS. Canned pet foods contained on average the most FL, CML, and HMF (4534, 37, and 1417 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) followed by pelleted and extruded foods. Average daily intake (mg/kg body weight(0.75)) of HMF is 122 times higher for dogs and 38 times higher for cats than average intake for adult humans. As commercial pet foods are most often the only source of food for dogs and cats, future research focus should be on the bioavailability and long-term health implications of MRP consumption by dogs and cats.",

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author = "{van Rooijen}, Charlotte and Guido Bosch and {van der Poel}, {Antonius F. B.} and Wierenga, {Peter A.} and Lucille Alexander and Hendriks, {Wouter H.}",

year = "2014",

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doi = "10.1021/jf502064h",

language = "English",

volume = "62",

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issn = "0021-8561",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

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AU - van Rooijen, Charlotte

AU - Bosch, Guido

AU - van der Poel, Antonius F. B.

AU - Wierenga, Peter A.

AU - Alexander, Lucille

AU - Hendriks, Wouter H.

PY - 2014/9/3

Y1 - 2014/9/3

N2 - During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods. Sixty-seven extruded, canned, and pelleted dog and cat foods for growth and maintenance were analyzed using UPLC-MS. Canned pet foods contained on average the most FL, CML, and HMF (4534, 37, and 1417 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) followed by pelleted and extruded foods. Average daily intake (mg/kg body weight(0.75)) of HMF is 122 times higher for dogs and 38 times higher for cats than average intake for adult humans. As commercial pet foods are most often the only source of food for dogs and cats, future research focus should be on the bioavailability and long-term health implications of MRP consumption by dogs and cats.

AB - During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods. Sixty-seven extruded, canned, and pelleted dog and cat foods for growth and maintenance were analyzed using UPLC-MS. Canned pet foods contained on average the most FL, CML, and HMF (4534, 37, and 1417 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) followed by pelleted and extruded foods. Average daily intake (mg/kg body weight(0.75)) of HMF is 122 times higher for dogs and 38 times higher for cats than average intake for adult humans. As commercial pet foods are most often the only source of food for dogs and cats, future research focus should be on the bioavailability and long-term health implications of MRP consumption by dogs and cats.

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KW - ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS

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KW - CANINE DIETS

KW - BREAST-MILK

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JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

IS - 35

ER -

Quantitation of Maillard Reaction Products in Commercially Available Pet Foods

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

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