Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of vanishing white matter mouse astrocytes reveal deregulation of ER functions

Lisanne E. Wisse, Renske Penning, Esther A. Zaal, Carola G M van Berkel, Timo J. ter Braak, Emiel Polder, Justin W. Kenney, Christopher G Proud, Celia R. Berkers, Maarten A.F. Altelaar, Dave Speijer, Marjo S van der Knaap, Truus E.M. Abbink*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy with predominantly early-childhood onset. Affected children display various neurological signs, including ataxia and spasticity, and die early. VWM patients have bi-allelic mutations in any of the five genes encoding the subunits of the eukaryotic translation factor 2B (eIF2B). eIF2B regulates protein synthesis rates under basal and cellular stress conditions. The underlying molecular mechanism of how mutations in eIF2B result in VWM is unknown. Previous studies suggest that brain white matter astrocytes are primarily affected in VWM. We hypothesized that the translation rate of certain astrocytic mRNAs is affected by the mutations, resulting in astrocytic dysfunction. Here we subjected primary astrocyte cultures of wild type (wt) and VWM (2b5ho) mice to pulsed labeling proteomics based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with an L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) pulse to select newly synthesized proteins. AHA was incorporated into newly synthesized proteins in wt and 2b5ho astrocytes with similar efficiency, without affecting cell viability. We quantified proteins synthesized in astrocytes of wt and 2b5ho mice. This proteomic profiling identified a total of 80 proteins that were regulated by the eIF2B mutation.We confirmed increased expression of PROS1 in 2b5ho astrocytes and brain. A DAVID enrichment analysis showed that approximately 50% of the eIF2B-regulated proteins used the secretory pathway. A small-scale metabolic screen further highlighted a significant change in the metabolite 6-phospho-gluconate, indicative of an altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Some of the proteins migrating through the secretory pathway undergo oxidative folding reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The PPP produces NADPH to remove ROS. The proteomic and metabolomics data together suggest a deregulation of ER function in 2b5ho mouse astrocytes.

Original languageEnglish
Article number411
Number of pages16
JournalFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Volume11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 20 Dec 2017

Funding

LW, TA, TtB, EP, and MvdK are supported by ZonMw (TOP grant 91211005), Fonds NutsOHRA (1204-032), Hersenstichting Project grant (BGWS2014(1)-04), the Phelps Foundation (grant 2011.040). MA and RP are supported by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) as part of the National Roadmap Large-scale Research Facilities of the Netherlands, Proteins@Work (project number 184.032.201) and

Keywords

  • AHA
  • Astrocytes
  • eIF2B
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Metabolomics
  • SILAC
  • Vanishing white matter

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