TY - JOUR
T1 - Primed to persevere
T2 - Hypoxia regulation from epigenome to protein accumulation in plants
AU - Gibbs, Daniel J.
AU - Theodoulou, Frederica L.
AU - Bailey-Serres, Julia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.
PY - 2025/1
Y1 - 2025/1
N2 - Plant cells regularly encounter hypoxia (low-oxygen conditions) as part of normal growth and development, or in response to environmental stresses such as flooding. In recent years, our understanding of the multi-layered control of hypoxia-responsive gene expression has greatly increased. In this Update, we take a broad look at the epigenetic, transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms that regulate responses to low-oxygen levels. We highlight how a network of post-translational modifications (including phosphorylation), secondary messengers, transcriptional cascades, and retrograde signals from the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) feed into the control of transcription factor activity and hypoxia-responsive gene transcription. We discuss epigenetic mechanisms regulating the response to reduced oxygen availability, through focussing on active and repressive chromatin modifications and DNA methylation. We also describe current knowledge of the co- and post-transcriptional mechanisms that tightly regulate mRNA translation to coordinate effective gene expression under hypoxia. Finally, we present a series of outstanding questions in the field and consider how new insights into the molecular workings of the hypoxia-triggered regulatory hierarchy could pave the way for developing flood-resilient crops.
AB - Plant cells regularly encounter hypoxia (low-oxygen conditions) as part of normal growth and development, or in response to environmental stresses such as flooding. In recent years, our understanding of the multi-layered control of hypoxia-responsive gene expression has greatly increased. In this Update, we take a broad look at the epigenetic, transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms that regulate responses to low-oxygen levels. We highlight how a network of post-translational modifications (including phosphorylation), secondary messengers, transcriptional cascades, and retrograde signals from the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) feed into the control of transcription factor activity and hypoxia-responsive gene transcription. We discuss epigenetic mechanisms regulating the response to reduced oxygen availability, through focussing on active and repressive chromatin modifications and DNA methylation. We also describe current knowledge of the co- and post-transcriptional mechanisms that tightly regulate mRNA translation to coordinate effective gene expression under hypoxia. Finally, we present a series of outstanding questions in the field and consider how new insights into the molecular workings of the hypoxia-triggered regulatory hierarchy could pave the way for developing flood-resilient crops.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85214319099&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/plphys/kiae584
DO - 10.1093/plphys/kiae584
M3 - Review article
C2 - 39479777
AN - SCOPUS:85214319099
SN - 0032-0889
VL - 197
JO - Plant Physiology
JF - Plant Physiology
IS - 1
M1 - kiae584
ER -