Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom

Mikel Sanchez-Garitaonandia; Jorinde van de Vis

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.023509

Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom

Mikel Sanchez-Garitaonandia
, Jorinde van de Vis

CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The bubble expansion velocity is an important parameter in the prediction of gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions. This parameter is difficult to compute, especially in phase transitions in strongly coupled theories. In this work, we present a method to estimate the wall velocity for phase transitions with a large enthalpy jump, valid for weakly and strongly coupled theories. We find that detonations are disfavored in this limit, but wall velocities are not necessarily small. We also investigate the effect of two other features in the equation of state: nonconformal sound speeds and a limited range of temperatures for which the phases exist. We find that the former can increase the wall velocity for a given nucleation temperature, and the latter can restrict the wall velocities to small values. To test our approach, we use holographic phase transitions, which typically display these three features. We find excellent agreement with numerically obtained values of the wall velocity. We also demonstrate that the implications for gravitational waves can be significant.

Original language	English
Article number	023509
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	110
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.023509
Publication status	Published - 9 Jul 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Funding

We are grateful to Yago Bea for extensive discussions and to Romuald Janik for clarifications on the simple wave formula. The work of M.S.G. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant No. 758759). J.v.d.V. is supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), under Project No. VI.Veni.212.133. We thank F\u00EBanor Reuben Ares, Yann Gouttenoire, Oscar Henriksson, Mark Hindmarsh, Carlos Hoyos, Niko Jokela, Benoit Laurent, Francesco Nitti, and Nicklas Ramberg for discussions. We are grateful to Yago Bea for extensive discussions and to Romuald Janik for clarifications on the simple wave formula. The work of M.\u2009S.\u2009G. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant No. 758759). J.\u2009v.\u2009d.\u2009V. is supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), under Project No. VI.Veni.212.133.

Funders	Funder number
Horizon 2020
European Research Council
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	758759

Keywords

Baryon asymmetry
Gravitational-radiation
Phase-transition
Universe

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title = "Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom",

abstract = "The bubble expansion velocity is an important parameter in the prediction of gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions. This parameter is difficult to compute, especially in phase transitions in strongly coupled theories. In this work, we present a method to estimate the wall velocity for phase transitions with a large enthalpy jump, valid for weakly and strongly coupled theories. We find that detonations are disfavored in this limit, but wall velocities are not necessarily small. We also investigate the effect of two other features in the equation of state: nonconformal sound speeds and a limited range of temperatures for which the phases exist. We find that the former can increase the wall velocity for a given nucleation temperature, and the latter can restrict the wall velocities to small values. To test our approach, we use holographic phase transitions, which typically display these three features. We find excellent agreement with numerically obtained values of the wall velocity. We also demonstrate that the implications for gravitational waves can be significant.",

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N2 - The bubble expansion velocity is an important parameter in the prediction of gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions. This parameter is difficult to compute, especially in phase transitions in strongly coupled theories. In this work, we present a method to estimate the wall velocity for phase transitions with a large enthalpy jump, valid for weakly and strongly coupled theories. We find that detonations are disfavored in this limit, but wall velocities are not necessarily small. We also investigate the effect of two other features in the equation of state: nonconformal sound speeds and a limited range of temperatures for which the phases exist. We find that the former can increase the wall velocity for a given nucleation temperature, and the latter can restrict the wall velocities to small values. To test our approach, we use holographic phase transitions, which typically display these three features. We find excellent agreement with numerically obtained values of the wall velocity. We also demonstrate that the implications for gravitational waves can be significant.

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Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom

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