Precession and atmospheric CO2 modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago

Li Lo; Simon T. Belt; Julie Lattaud; Tobias Friedrich; Christian Zeeden; Stefan Schouten; Lukas Smik; Axel Timmermann; Patricia Cabedo-Sanz; Jyh Jaan Huang; Liping Zhou; Tsong Hua Ou; Yuan Pin Chang; Liang Chi Wang; Yu Min Chou; Chuan Chou Shen; Min Te Chen; Kuo Yen Wei; Sheng Rong Song; Tien Hsi Fang; Sergey A. Gorbarenko; Wei Lung Wang; Teh Quei Lee; Henry Elderfield; David A. Hodell

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.005

Precession and atmospheric CO₂ modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago

Li Lo^*, Simon T. Belt, Julie Lattaud, Tobias Friedrich, Christian Zeeden, Stefan Schouten, Lukas Smik, Axel Timmermann, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Jyh Jaan Huang, Liping Zhou, Tsong Hua Ou, Yuan Pin Chang, Liang Chi Wang, Yu Min Chou, Chuan Chou Shen, Min Te Chen, Kuo Yen Wei, Sheng Rong Song, Tien Hsi FangSergey A. Gorbarenko, Wei Lung Wang, Teh Quei Lee, Henry Elderfield, David A. Hodell

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Recent reduction in high-latitude sea ice extent demonstrates that sea ice is highly sensitive to external and internal radiative forcings. In order to better understand sea ice system responses to external orbital forcing and internal oscillations on orbital timescales, here we reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and summer sea surface temperature (SSST) over the past 130,000 yrs in the central Okhotsk Sea. We applied novel organic geochemical proxies of sea ice (IP₂₅), SSST (TEXL86) and open water marine productivity (a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid and biogenic opal) to marine sediment core MD01-2414 (53°11.77′N, 149°34.80′E, water depth 1123 m). To complement the proxy data, we also carried out transient Earth system model simulations and sensitivity tests to identify contributions of different climatic forcing factors. Our results show that the central Okhotsk Sea was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the early-mid Holocene, but experienced variable sea ice cover during MIS 2–4, consistent with intervals of relatively high and low SSST, respectively. Our data also show that the sea ice extent was governed by precession-dominated insolation changes during intervals of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations ranging from 190 to 260 ppm. However, the proxy record and the model simulation data show that the central Okhotsk Sea was near ice-free regardless of insolation forcing throughout the penultimate interglacial, and during the Holocene, when atmospheric CO₂ was above ∼260 ppm. Past sea ice conditions in the central Okhotsk Sea were therefore strongly modulated by both orbital-driven insolation and CO₂-induced radiative forcing during the past glacial/interglacial cycle.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	36-45
Number of pages	10
Journal	Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Volume	488
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.005
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2018

Funding

This project was supported by grants of the Ministry of Science and Technology ( MOST ), Taiwan ROC ( 10-2119-M-002-003 , 104-2917-I-564-046 , 105-2119-M-002-001 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41773116 ), State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences start-up fund and 135 project ( SKLaBIG-QD-16-04 and 135PY201605 ), Institute for Basic Science (project code IBS-R028-D1 ) and the National Science Foundation ( 1400914 ). We thank the University of Plymouth for financial support. S.S. and J.L. were supported by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) ERC grant agreement [ 339206 ] and by the Netherlands Earth System Centre (NESSC) funded by the Dutch Ministry of OCW. MD01-2414 sediment samples were generously provided by Taiwan Ocean Research Institute (TORI). We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for providing extremely positive feedback on the original version of this manuscript, with further suggestions that improved its clarity in final form. This is contribution No. IS-2500 from GIGCAS. Appendix A

Keywords

greenhouse gases
insolation
Okhotsk Sea
precession cycle
sea ice

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.005

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Cite this

Lo, L., Belt, S. T., Lattaud, J., Friedrich, T., Zeeden, C., Schouten, S., Smik, L., Timmermann, A., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Huang, J. J., Zhou, L., Ou, T. H., Chang, Y. P., Wang, L. C., Chou, Y. M., Shen, C. C., Chen, M. T., Wei, K. Y., Song, S. R., ... Hodell, D. A. (2018). Precession and atmospheric CO₂ modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 488, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.005

@article{b6e0d9c14d3c427ebd59a958493d4060,

title = "Precession and atmospheric CO2 modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago",

abstract = "Recent reduction in high-latitude sea ice extent demonstrates that sea ice is highly sensitive to external and internal radiative forcings. In order to better understand sea ice system responses to external orbital forcing and internal oscillations on orbital timescales, here we reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and summer sea surface temperature (SSST) over the past 130,000 yrs in the central Okhotsk Sea. We applied novel organic geochemical proxies of sea ice (IP25), SSST (TEXL86) and open water marine productivity (a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid and biogenic opal) to marine sediment core MD01-2414 (53°11.77′N, 149°34.80′E, water depth 1123 m). To complement the proxy data, we also carried out transient Earth system model simulations and sensitivity tests to identify contributions of different climatic forcing factors. Our results show that the central Okhotsk Sea was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the early-mid Holocene, but experienced variable sea ice cover during MIS 2–4, consistent with intervals of relatively high and low SSST, respectively. Our data also show that the sea ice extent was governed by precession-dominated insolation changes during intervals of atmospheric CO2 concentrations ranging from 190 to 260 ppm. However, the proxy record and the model simulation data show that the central Okhotsk Sea was near ice-free regardless of insolation forcing throughout the penultimate interglacial, and during the Holocene, when atmospheric CO2 was above ∼260 ppm. Past sea ice conditions in the central Okhotsk Sea were therefore strongly modulated by both orbital-driven insolation and CO2-induced radiative forcing during the past glacial/interglacial cycle.",

keywords = "greenhouse gases, insolation, Okhotsk Sea, precession cycle, sea ice",

author = "Li Lo and Belt, {Simon T.} and Julie Lattaud and Tobias Friedrich and Christian Zeeden and Stefan Schouten and Lukas Smik and Axel Timmermann and Patricia Cabedo-Sanz and Huang, {Jyh Jaan} and Liping Zhou and Ou, {Tsong Hua} and Chang, {Yuan Pin} and Wang, {Liang Chi} and Chou, {Yu Min} and Shen, {Chuan Chou} and Chen, {Min Te} and Wei, {Kuo Yen} and Song, {Sheng Rong} and Fang, {Tien Hsi} and Gorbarenko, {Sergey A.} and Wang, {Wei Lung} and Lee, {Teh Quei} and Henry Elderfield and Hodell, {David A.}",

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Lo, L, Belt, ST, Lattaud, J, Friedrich, T, Zeeden, C, Schouten, S, Smik, L, Timmermann, A, Cabedo-Sanz, P, Huang, JJ, Zhou, L, Ou, TH, Chang, YP, Wang, LC, Chou, YM, Shen, CC, Chen, MT, Wei, KY, Song, SR, Fang, TH, Gorbarenko, SA, Wang, WL, Lee, TQ, Elderfield, H & Hodell, DA 2018, 'Precession and atmospheric CO₂ modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 488, pp. 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.005

TY - JOUR

T1 - Precession and atmospheric CO2 modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago

AU - Lo, Li

AU - Belt, Simon T.

AU - Lattaud, Julie

AU - Friedrich, Tobias

AU - Zeeden, Christian

AU - Schouten, Stefan

AU - Smik, Lukas

AU - Timmermann, Axel

AU - Cabedo-Sanz, Patricia

AU - Huang, Jyh Jaan

AU - Zhou, Liping

AU - Ou, Tsong Hua

AU - Chang, Yuan Pin

AU - Wang, Liang Chi

AU - Chou, Yu Min

AU - Shen, Chuan Chou

AU - Chen, Min Te

AU - Wei, Kuo Yen

AU - Song, Sheng Rong

AU - Fang, Tien Hsi

AU - Gorbarenko, Sergey A.

AU - Wang, Wei Lung

AU - Lee, Teh Quei

AU - Elderfield, Henry

AU - Hodell, David A.

PY - 2018/4/15

Y1 - 2018/4/15

N2 - Recent reduction in high-latitude sea ice extent demonstrates that sea ice is highly sensitive to external and internal radiative forcings. In order to better understand sea ice system responses to external orbital forcing and internal oscillations on orbital timescales, here we reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and summer sea surface temperature (SSST) over the past 130,000 yrs in the central Okhotsk Sea. We applied novel organic geochemical proxies of sea ice (IP25), SSST (TEXL86) and open water marine productivity (a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid and biogenic opal) to marine sediment core MD01-2414 (53°11.77′N, 149°34.80′E, water depth 1123 m). To complement the proxy data, we also carried out transient Earth system model simulations and sensitivity tests to identify contributions of different climatic forcing factors. Our results show that the central Okhotsk Sea was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the early-mid Holocene, but experienced variable sea ice cover during MIS 2–4, consistent with intervals of relatively high and low SSST, respectively. Our data also show that the sea ice extent was governed by precession-dominated insolation changes during intervals of atmospheric CO2 concentrations ranging from 190 to 260 ppm. However, the proxy record and the model simulation data show that the central Okhotsk Sea was near ice-free regardless of insolation forcing throughout the penultimate interglacial, and during the Holocene, when atmospheric CO2 was above ∼260 ppm. Past sea ice conditions in the central Okhotsk Sea were therefore strongly modulated by both orbital-driven insolation and CO2-induced radiative forcing during the past glacial/interglacial cycle.

AB - Recent reduction in high-latitude sea ice extent demonstrates that sea ice is highly sensitive to external and internal radiative forcings. In order to better understand sea ice system responses to external orbital forcing and internal oscillations on orbital timescales, here we reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and summer sea surface temperature (SSST) over the past 130,000 yrs in the central Okhotsk Sea. We applied novel organic geochemical proxies of sea ice (IP25), SSST (TEXL86) and open water marine productivity (a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid and biogenic opal) to marine sediment core MD01-2414 (53°11.77′N, 149°34.80′E, water depth 1123 m). To complement the proxy data, we also carried out transient Earth system model simulations and sensitivity tests to identify contributions of different climatic forcing factors. Our results show that the central Okhotsk Sea was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the early-mid Holocene, but experienced variable sea ice cover during MIS 2–4, consistent with intervals of relatively high and low SSST, respectively. Our data also show that the sea ice extent was governed by precession-dominated insolation changes during intervals of atmospheric CO2 concentrations ranging from 190 to 260 ppm. However, the proxy record and the model simulation data show that the central Okhotsk Sea was near ice-free regardless of insolation forcing throughout the penultimate interglacial, and during the Holocene, when atmospheric CO2 was above ∼260 ppm. Past sea ice conditions in the central Okhotsk Sea were therefore strongly modulated by both orbital-driven insolation and CO2-induced radiative forcing during the past glacial/interglacial cycle.

KW - greenhouse gases

KW - insolation

KW - Okhotsk Sea

KW - precession cycle

KW - sea ice

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