Abstract
The present study sought to investigate psychometric properties of the Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS), two self-report measures of metacognitive beliefs of depressive rumination, in patients with major depressive disorder (N = 179). Confirmatory factor analysis of the PBRS showed good fit of the hypothesized one-factor model. The previously proposed two-factor model of the NBRS was supported after implementation of some modifications. The scales showed adequate to good internal consistency and validity was supported on some indices. Finally, the metacognitive model of rumination and depression was tested by means of structural equation modeling. After implementation of some theoretically consistent modifications, the model provided a good fit to the data. Clinical implications of the findings, including the implementation of a metacognitive-focused cognitive therapy of depression, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 196-205 |
| Journal | Cognitive Therapy and Research |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2010 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Pearson product-moment correlations between the PBRS and the two NBRS scales on the one hand and the other measures on the other hand are presented in Table 3. The PBRS correlated positively and significantly with all measures except for the PSWQ and lack of cognitive confidence scale (MCQ3) of the MCQ-30, supporting the initial validity of the PBRS. Construct validity was supported by positive and significant correlations between PBRS and the positive beliefs about worrying scale (MCQ1) of the MCQ-30. In comparing associations, z-tests (Cohen and Cohen 1983) revealed no significant difference in degree of association between the PBRS and rumination compared to worry (z = 1.04, p = .15), providing no support for the discriminant validity of the PBRS in relation to rumination and worrying.
Funding Information:
The PBRS and the NBRS scales displayed good psychometric properties on a number of indices of validity. The PBRS was positively and significantly associated with the positive beliefs about worry scale of the MCQ-30, supporting the construct validity (i.e., convergent validity). Concurrent criterion validity was partly supported by meaningful associations between PBRS scores and rumination. These findings are largely in line with previous findings (Papageorgiou and Wells 2001b). Noteworthy, the association between PBRS and rumination and between PBRS and worry did not differ significantly, providing no support for the discriminant validity of the PBRS. Instead, these findings suggest that positive beliefs about rumination may not be specific to rumination but to repetitive thinking in general. For the NBRS, positive and significant associations were found between both NBRS scales and the negative beliefs about worry scales of the MCQ-30, supporting the construct validity (i.e., convergent validity) of both NBRS scales. Similar to the PBRS, the associations between the NBRS scales with rumination and with worry did not differ significantly, indicating that negative beliefs about rumination may also be related to repetitive negative thinking in general. Finally, both NBRS scales were related to self-reported depressive symptomatology, supporting the concurrent criterion validity.
Funding
Pearson product-moment correlations between the PBRS and the two NBRS scales on the one hand and the other measures on the other hand are presented in Table 3. The PBRS correlated positively and significantly with all measures except for the PSWQ and lack of cognitive confidence scale (MCQ3) of the MCQ-30, supporting the initial validity of the PBRS. Construct validity was supported by positive and significant correlations between PBRS and the positive beliefs about worrying scale (MCQ1) of the MCQ-30. In comparing associations, z-tests (Cohen and Cohen 1983) revealed no significant difference in degree of association between the PBRS and rumination compared to worry (z = 1.04, p = .15), providing no support for the discriminant validity of the PBRS in relation to rumination and worrying. The PBRS and the NBRS scales displayed good psychometric properties on a number of indices of validity. The PBRS was positively and significantly associated with the positive beliefs about worry scale of the MCQ-30, supporting the construct validity (i.e., convergent validity). Concurrent criterion validity was partly supported by meaningful associations between PBRS scores and rumination. These findings are largely in line with previous findings (Papageorgiou and Wells 2001b). Noteworthy, the association between PBRS and rumination and between PBRS and worry did not differ significantly, providing no support for the discriminant validity of the PBRS. Instead, these findings suggest that positive beliefs about rumination may not be specific to rumination but to repetitive thinking in general. For the NBRS, positive and significant associations were found between both NBRS scales and the negative beliefs about worry scales of the MCQ-30, supporting the construct validity (i.e., convergent validity) of both NBRS scales. Similar to the PBRS, the associations between the NBRS scales with rumination and with worry did not differ significantly, indicating that negative beliefs about rumination may also be related to repetitive negative thinking in general. Finally, both NBRS scales were related to self-reported depressive symptomatology, supporting the concurrent criterion validity.
Keywords
- Depression
- Metacognition
- NBRS
- PBRS
- Rumination