Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries

Elisa Pineda; Maartje P. Poelman; Anu Aaspõllu; Margarida Bica; Cristina Bouzas; Elena Carrano; Pilar De Miguel-Etayo; Sanne Djojosoeparto; Mojca Gabrijelčič Blenkuš; Pedro Graca; Karin Geffert; Antje Hebestreit; Anni Helldan; Sigrun Henjum; Camilla Sanne Huseby; Maria João Gregório; Carlijn Kamphuis; Tiina Laatikainen; Anne Lene Løvhaug; Clarissa Leydon; Aleksandra Luszczynska; Päivi Mäki; J. Alfredo Martínez; Susanna Raulio; Piotr Romaniuk; Gun Roos; Clara Salvador; Franco Sassi; Marco Silano; Ingrid Sotlar; Maria Lucia Specchia; Miguel Telo de Arriaga; Laura Terragni; Liv Elin Torheim; Josep A. Tur; Peter von Philipsborn; Janas M. Harrington; Stefanie Vandevijvere

doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522

Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries

Elisa Pineda, Maartje P. Poelman, Anu Aaspõllu, Margarida Bica, Cristina Bouzas, Elena Carrano, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, Sanne Djojosoeparto, Mojca Gabrijelčič Blenkuš, Pedro Graca, Karin Geffert, Antje Hebestreit, Anni Helldan, Sigrun Henjum, Camilla Sanne Huseby, Maria João Gregório, Carlijn Kamphuis, Tiina Laatikainen, Anne Lene Løvhaug, Clarissa LeydonAleksandra Luszczynska, Päivi Mäki, J. Alfredo Martínez, Susanna Raulio, Piotr Romaniuk, Gun Roos, Clara Salvador, Franco Sassi, Marco Silano, Ingrid Sotlar, Maria Lucia Specchia, Miguel Telo de Arriaga, Laura Terragni, Liv Elin Torheim, Josep A. Tur, Peter von Philipsborn, Janas M. Harrington, Stefanie Vandevijvere^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings: Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation: Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.

Original language	English
Article number	100522
Journal	The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
Volume	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article.

Funding Information:
Many people have contributed to the development of this European Food-EPI publication. We would like to thank all governmental officials who verified the evidence document which was used for the assessment of policies influencing food environments. The evidence document was validated for completeness and accuracy. We would like to thank all experts who participated in the Food-EPI expert panel and rated the strength of current policies, formulated policy and infrastructure support actions to improve food environments in the participating European countries, and prioritised the final list of recommended actions (see Supplementary Material for an overview of the expert panels). We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the INFORMAS research group, in particular Prof. Boyd Swinburn. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)

Funding

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. Many people have contributed to the development of this European Food-EPI publication. We would like to thank all governmental officials who verified the evidence document which was used for the assessment of policies influencing food environments. The evidence document was validated for completeness and accuracy. We would like to thank all experts who participated in the Food-EPI expert panel and rated the strength of current policies, formulated policy and infrastructure support actions to improve food environments in the participating European countries, and prioritised the final list of recommended actions (see Supplementary Material for an overview of the expert panels). We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the INFORMAS research group, in particular Prof. Boyd Swinburn. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article.

Keywords

Europe
Food environments
Healthy food environment policy index (Food-EPI)
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
Obesity
Public health policies

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

1-s2.0-S2666776222002186-mainFinal published version, 884 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

Pineda, E., Poelman, M. P., Aaspõllu, A., Bica, M., Bouzas, C., Carrano, E., De Miguel-Etayo, P., Djojosoeparto, S., Blenkuš, M. G., Graca, P., Geffert, K., Hebestreit, A., Helldan, A., Henjum, S., Huseby, C. S., Gregório, M. J., Kamphuis, C., Laatikainen, T., Løvhaug, A. L., ... Vandevijvere, S. (2022). Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 23, Article 100522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522

@article{603842aa67fd44d0aa2a3aed5abbde78,

title = "Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries",

abstract = "Background: Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings: Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation: Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.",

keywords = "Europe, Food environments, Healthy food environment policy index (Food-EPI), Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Obesity, Public health policies",

author = "Elisa Pineda and Poelman, {Maartje P.} and Anu Aasp{\~o}llu and Margarida Bica and Cristina Bouzas and Elena Carrano and {De Miguel-Etayo}, Pilar and Sanne Djojosoeparto and Blenku{\v s}, {Mojca Gabrijel{\v c}i{\v c}} and Pedro Graca and Karin Geffert and Antje Hebestreit and Anni Helldan and Sigrun Henjum and Huseby, {Camilla Sanne} and Greg{\'o}rio, {Maria Jo{\~a}o} and Carlijn Kamphuis and Tiina Laatikainen and L{\o}vhaug, {Anne Lene} and Clarissa Leydon and Aleksandra Luszczynska and P{\"a}ivi M{\"a}ki and Mart{\'i}nez, {J. Alfredo} and Susanna Raulio and Piotr Romaniuk and Gun Roos and Clara Salvador and Franco Sassi and Marco Silano and Ingrid Sotlar and Specchia, {Maria Lucia} and {de Arriaga}, {Miguel Telo} and Laura Terragni and Torheim, {Liv Elin} and Tur, {Josep A.} and {von Philipsborn}, Peter and Harrington, {Janas M.} and Stefanie Vandevijvere",

note = "Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. Funding Information: Many people have contributed to the development of this European Food-EPI publication. We would like to thank all governmental officials who verified the evidence document which was used for the assessment of policies influencing food environments. The evidence document was validated for completeness and accuracy. We would like to thank all experts who participated in the Food-EPI expert panel and rated the strength of current policies, formulated policy and infrastructure support actions to improve food environments in the participating European countries, and prioritised the final list of recommended actions (see Supplementary Material for an overview of the expert panels). We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the INFORMAS research group, in particular Prof. Boyd Swinburn. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s)",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

journal = "The Lancet Regional Health - Europe",

issn = "2666-7762",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

}

Pineda, E, Poelman, MP, Aaspõllu, A, Bica, M, Bouzas, C, Carrano, E, De Miguel-Etayo, P, Djojosoeparto, S, Blenkuš, MG, Graca, P, Geffert, K, Hebestreit, A, Helldan, A, Henjum, S, Huseby, CS, Gregório, MJ, Kamphuis, C, Laatikainen, T, Løvhaug, AL, Leydon, C, Luszczynska, A, Mäki, P, Martínez, JA, Raulio, S, Romaniuk, P, Roos, G, Salvador, C, Sassi, F, Silano, M, Sotlar, I, Specchia, ML, de Arriaga, MT, Terragni, L, Torheim, LE, Tur, JA, von Philipsborn, P, Harrington, JM & Vandevijvere, S 2022, 'Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries', The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, vol. 23, 100522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522

Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries. / Pineda, Elisa; Poelman, Maartje P.; Aaspõllu, Anu et al.
In: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Vol. 23, 100522, 12.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI)

T2 - A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries

AU - Pineda, Elisa

AU - Poelman, Maartje P.

AU - Aaspõllu, Anu

AU - Bica, Margarida

AU - Bouzas, Cristina

AU - Carrano, Elena

AU - De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar

AU - Djojosoeparto, Sanne

AU - Blenkuš, Mojca Gabrijelčič

AU - Graca, Pedro

AU - Geffert, Karin

AU - Hebestreit, Antje

AU - Helldan, Anni

AU - Henjum, Sigrun

AU - Huseby, Camilla Sanne

AU - Gregório, Maria João

AU - Kamphuis, Carlijn

AU - Laatikainen, Tiina

AU - Løvhaug, Anne Lene

AU - Leydon, Clarissa

AU - Luszczynska, Aleksandra

AU - Mäki, Päivi

AU - Martínez, J. Alfredo

AU - Raulio, Susanna

AU - Romaniuk, Piotr

AU - Roos, Gun

AU - Salvador, Clara

AU - Sassi, Franco

AU - Silano, Marco

AU - Sotlar, Ingrid

AU - Specchia, Maria Lucia

AU - de Arriaga, Miguel Telo

AU - Terragni, Laura

AU - Torheim, Liv Elin

AU - Tur, Josep A.

AU - von Philipsborn, Peter

AU - Harrington, Janas M.

AU - Vandevijvere, Stefanie

N1 - Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. Funding Information: Many people have contributed to the development of this European Food-EPI publication. We would like to thank all governmental officials who verified the evidence document which was used for the assessment of policies influencing food environments. The evidence document was validated for completeness and accuracy. We would like to thank all experts who participated in the Food-EPI expert panel and rated the strength of current policies, formulated policy and infrastructure support actions to improve food environments in the participating European countries, and prioritised the final list of recommended actions (see Supplementary Material for an overview of the expert panels). We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the INFORMAS research group, in particular Prof. Boyd Swinburn. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”. A. Tur, C. Bouzas, and J.A. Martinez (Spain) were founded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII-CIBEROBN (CB06/03 and CB12/03) and co-founded by the European Regional Development Fund. Implementation of the Food-EPI in Germany was funded by a grant from Germany's Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL) (Grant number 01EA1818I). The Food-EPI study in Poland was funded by grants from National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Poland, (no. JFA PEN/I/PEN44/03/2018 and JFA PEN/I/PEN14/04/2019) as part of Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL). The funders had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Background: Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings: Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation: Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.

AB - Background: Food environments have been recognised as highly influential on population diets. Government policies have great potential to create healthy food environments to promote healthy diets. This study aimed to evaluate food environment policy implementation in European countries and identify priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments. Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used to evaluate the level of food environment policy and infrastructure support implementation in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain in 2019–2021. Evidence of implementation of food environment policies was compiled in each country and validated by government officials. National experts evaluated the implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations. Findings: Finland had the highest proportion (32%, n = 7/22) of policies shaping food environments with a “high” level of implementation. Slovenia and Poland had the highest proportion of policies rated at very low implementation (42%, n = 10/24 and 36%, n = 9/25 respectively). Policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding, monitoring, and health in all policies were identified as the most important gaps across the European countries. Experts recommended immediate action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Interpretation: Immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774548 and from the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”.

KW - Europe

KW - Food environments

KW - Healthy food environment policy index (Food-EPI)

KW - Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

KW - Obesity

KW - Public health policies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141983487&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522

DO - 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100522

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85141983487

SN - 2666-7762

VL - 23

JO - The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

JF - The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

M1 - 100522

ER -

Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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