Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

Vera Silva; Lingtong Gai; Paula Harkes; Gaowei Tan; Coen Ritsema; Francsico Alcon; Josefa Contreras; Nelson Abrantes; Isabel Campos; Isabelle Baldi; Mathilde Bureau; Florian Christ; Daniele Mandrioli; SGARGI DARIA; Igor Pasković; Marija Polić Pasković; Matjaž Glavan; Jakub Hofman; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Trine Nørgaard; Zuzana Bílková; Rima Osman; Chrow Khurshid; Irene Navarro; Adrian de la Torre; Paloma Sanz; María Ángeles Martínez; Jonatan Dias; Hans Mol; Gerrit Gort; Daniel Martins Figueiredo; Paul T.J. Scheepers; Vivi Schlünssen; Anne Vested; Abdallah Alaoui; Violette Geissen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

Vera Silva, Lingtong Gai^*, Paula Harkes, Gaowei Tan, Coen Ritsema, Francsico Alcon, Josefa Contreras, Nelson Abrantes, Isabel Campos, Isabelle Baldi, Mathilde Bureau, Florian Christ, Daniele Mandrioli, SGARGI DARIA, Igor Pasković, Marija Polić Pasković, Matjaž Glavan, Jakub Hofman, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Trine NørgaardZuzana Bílková, Rima Osman, Chrow Khurshid, Irene Navarro, Adrian de la Torre, Paloma Sanz, María Ángeles Martínez, Jonatan Dias, Hans Mol, Gerrit Gort, Daniel Martins Figueiredo, Paul T.J. Scheepers, Vivi Schlünssen, Anne Vested, Abdallah Alaoui, Violette Geissen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental and human health concerns. The presence and levels of 209 pesticide residues (active substances and transformation products) in 625 environmental samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, and 38 sediment samples) have been studied. The samples were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering the main European crops, and conventional and organic farming systems. We profiled the pesticide residues found in the different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms and humans. Combining monitoring data and hazard information, we developed an indicator for the prioritization of pesticides, which can support policy decisions and sustainable pesticide use transitions. Eighty-six percent of the samples had at least one residue above the respective limit of detection. One hundred residues were found in soil, 112 in water, 99 in sediments, 78 in crops, 76 in outdoor air, and 197 in indoor dust. The number, levels, and profile of residues varied between farming systems. Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part of environmental cocktails and should be accounted for in monitoring programs and risk assessments. The hazard profiles analysis confirms the dominance of compounds of low-moderate hazard and underscores the high hazard of some approved compounds and recurring “no data available” situations. Overall, our results support the idea that risk should be assessed in a mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. We have uncovered uncertainties and data gaps that should be addressed, as well as the policy implications at the EU approval status level. Our newly introduced indicator can help identify research priority areas, and act as a reference for targeted scenarios set forth in the Farm to Fork pesticide reduction goals.

Original language	English
Article number	108280
Number of pages	21
Journal	Environment International
Volume	181
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280
Publication status	Published - Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

Funding

The SPRINT project (on Sustainable Plant Protection Transition, https://sprint-h2020.eu/) leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme for research & innovation under grant agreement No 862568. The research was also supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 857560. Authors would like to thank the RECETOX Research Infrastructure (No LM20230691812) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education (the CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632) for supportive background. Thanks to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020, UIDB/50017/2020, LA/P/0094/2020) for the financial support. Finally, the authors would like to thank all Case Study Sites participants for their support in SPRINT activities, Peter Stolz (KWALIS) for carrying out the pesticide analyses in TIEM disks and filters, and Peter Fankte, Joana L. Pereira, Paul Nathanail, and Nicoleta Suciu for their feedback on the draft. This publication reflects the author's view; the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The SPRINT project (on Sustainable Plant Protection Transition, https://sprint-h2020.eu/ ) leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for research & innovation under grant agreement No 862568. The research was also supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 857560. Authors would like to thank the RECETOX Research Infrastructure (No LM20230691812) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education (the CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632) for supportive background. Thanks to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020, UIDB/50017/2020, LA/P/0094/2020) for the financial support. Finally, the authors would like to thank all Case Study Sites participants for their support in SPRINT activities, Peter Stolz (KWALIS) for carrying out the pesticide analyses in TIEM disks and filters, and Peter Fankte, Joana L. Pereira, Paul Nathanail, and Nicoleta Suciu for their feedback on the draft. This publication reflects the author's view; the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Funders	Funder number
European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme for research & innovation
European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for research & innovation	862568
Operational Programme Research, Development and Education	CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
European Commission
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior	LA/P/0094/2020, UIDB/50017/2020, UIDP/50017/2020
Horizon 2020	857560
RECETOX Přírodovědecké Fakulty Masarykovy Univerzity	LM20230691812

Keywords

SPRINT project
Mixtures of pesticide residues
Distribution
Hazard
Prioritization indicator

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280Licence: CC BY

1-s2.0-S0160412023005536-mainFinal published version, 8.53 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Silva, V., Gai, L., Harkes, P., Tan, G., Ritsema, C., Alcon, F., Contreras, J., Abrantes, N., Campos, I., Baldi, I., Bureau, M., Christ, F., Mandrioli, D., DARIA, SGARGI., Pasković, I., Pasković, M. P., Glavan, M., Hofman, J., Lwanga, E. H., ... Geissen, V. (2023). Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences. Environment International, 181, Article 108280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

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title = "Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences",

abstract = "Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental and human health concerns. The presence and levels of 209 pesticide residues (active substances and transformation products) in 625 environmental samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, and 38 sediment samples) have been studied. The samples were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering the main European crops, and conventional and organic farming systems. We profiled the pesticide residues found in the different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms and humans. Combining monitoring data and hazard information, we developed an indicator for the prioritization of pesticides, which can support policy decisions and sustainable pesticide use transitions. Eighty-six percent of the samples had at least one residue above the respective limit of detection. One hundred residues were found in soil, 112 in water, 99 in sediments, 78 in crops, 76 in outdoor air, and 197 in indoor dust. The number, levels, and profile of residues varied between farming systems. Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part of environmental cocktails and should be accounted for in monitoring programs and risk assessments. The hazard profiles analysis confirms the dominance of compounds of low-moderate hazard and underscores the high hazard of some approved compounds and recurring “no data available” situations. Overall, our results support the idea that risk should be assessed in a mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. We have uncovered uncertainties and data gaps that should be addressed, as well as the policy implications at the EU approval status level. Our newly introduced indicator can help identify research priority areas, and act as a reference for targeted scenarios set forth in the Farm to Fork pesticide reduction goals.",

keywords = "SPRINT project, Mixtures of pesticide residues, Distribution, Hazard, Prioritization indicator",

author = "Vera Silva and Lingtong Gai and Paula Harkes and Gaowei Tan and Coen Ritsema and Francsico Alcon and Josefa Contreras and Nelson Abrantes and Isabel Campos and Isabelle Baldi and Mathilde Bureau and Florian Christ and Daniele Mandrioli and SGARGI DARIA and Igor Paskovi{\'c} and Paskovi{\'c}, \{Marija Poli{\'c}\} and Matja{\v z} Glavan and Jakub Hofman and Lwanga, \{Esperanza Huerta\} and Trine N{\o}rgaard and Zuzana B{\'i}lkov{\'a} and Rima Osman and Chrow Khurshid and Irene Navarro and Torre, \{Adrian de la\} and Paloma Sanz and Mart{\'i}nez, \{Mar{\'i}a {\'A}ngeles\} and Jonatan Dias and Hans Mol and Gerrit Gort and Figueiredo, \{Daniel Martins\} and Scheepers, \{Paul T.J.\} and Vivi Schl{\"u}nssen and Anne Vested and Abdallah Alaoui and Violette Geissen",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280",

language = "English",

volume = "181",

journal = "Environment International",

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Silva, V, Gai, L, Harkes, P, Tan, G, Ritsema, C, Alcon, F, Contreras, J, Abrantes, N, Campos, I, Baldi, I, Bureau, M, Christ, F, Mandrioli, D, DARIA, SGARGI, Pasković, I, Pasković, MP, Glavan, M, Hofman, J, Lwanga, EH, Nørgaard, T, Bílková, Z, Osman, R, Khurshid, C, Navarro, I, Torre, ADL, Sanz, P, Martínez, MÁ, Dias, J, Mol, H, Gort, G, Figueiredo, DM, Scheepers, PTJ, Schlünssen, V, Vested, A, Alaoui, A & Geissen, V 2023, 'Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences', Environment International, vol. 181, 108280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

TY - JOUR

T1 - Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

AU - Silva, Vera

AU - Gai, Lingtong

AU - Harkes, Paula

AU - Tan, Gaowei

AU - Ritsema, Coen

AU - Alcon, Francsico

AU - Contreras, Josefa

AU - Abrantes, Nelson

AU - Campos, Isabel

AU - Baldi, Isabelle

AU - Bureau, Mathilde

AU - Christ, Florian

AU - Mandrioli, Daniele

AU - DARIA, SGARGI

AU - Pasković, Igor

AU - Pasković, Marija Polić

AU - Glavan, Matjaž

AU - Hofman, Jakub

AU - Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta

AU - Nørgaard, Trine

AU - Bílková, Zuzana

AU - Osman, Rima

AU - Khurshid, Chrow

AU - Navarro, Irene

AU - Torre, Adrian de la

AU - Sanz, Paloma

AU - Martínez, María Ángeles

AU - Dias, Jonatan

AU - Mol, Hans

AU - Gort, Gerrit

AU - Figueiredo, Daniel Martins

AU - Scheepers, Paul T.J.

AU - Schlünssen, Vivi

AU - Vested, Anne

AU - Alaoui, Abdallah

AU - Geissen, Violette

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental and human health concerns. The presence and levels of 209 pesticide residues (active substances and transformation products) in 625 environmental samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, and 38 sediment samples) have been studied. The samples were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering the main European crops, and conventional and organic farming systems. We profiled the pesticide residues found in the different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms and humans. Combining monitoring data and hazard information, we developed an indicator for the prioritization of pesticides, which can support policy decisions and sustainable pesticide use transitions. Eighty-six percent of the samples had at least one residue above the respective limit of detection. One hundred residues were found in soil, 112 in water, 99 in sediments, 78 in crops, 76 in outdoor air, and 197 in indoor dust. The number, levels, and profile of residues varied between farming systems. Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part of environmental cocktails and should be accounted for in monitoring programs and risk assessments. The hazard profiles analysis confirms the dominance of compounds of low-moderate hazard and underscores the high hazard of some approved compounds and recurring “no data available” situations. Overall, our results support the idea that risk should be assessed in a mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. We have uncovered uncertainties and data gaps that should be addressed, as well as the policy implications at the EU approval status level. Our newly introduced indicator can help identify research priority areas, and act as a reference for targeted scenarios set forth in the Farm to Fork pesticide reduction goals.

AB - Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental and human health concerns. The presence and levels of 209 pesticide residues (active substances and transformation products) in 625 environmental samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, and 38 sediment samples) have been studied. The samples were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering the main European crops, and conventional and organic farming systems. We profiled the pesticide residues found in the different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms and humans. Combining monitoring data and hazard information, we developed an indicator for the prioritization of pesticides, which can support policy decisions and sustainable pesticide use transitions. Eighty-six percent of the samples had at least one residue above the respective limit of detection. One hundred residues were found in soil, 112 in water, 99 in sediments, 78 in crops, 76 in outdoor air, and 197 in indoor dust. The number, levels, and profile of residues varied between farming systems. Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part of environmental cocktails and should be accounted for in monitoring programs and risk assessments. The hazard profiles analysis confirms the dominance of compounds of low-moderate hazard and underscores the high hazard of some approved compounds and recurring “no data available” situations. Overall, our results support the idea that risk should be assessed in a mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. We have uncovered uncertainties and data gaps that should be addressed, as well as the policy implications at the EU approval status level. Our newly introduced indicator can help identify research priority areas, and act as a reference for targeted scenarios set forth in the Farm to Fork pesticide reduction goals.

KW - SPRINT project

KW - Mixtures of pesticide residues

KW - Distribution

KW - Hazard

KW - Prioritization indicator

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U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

M3 - Article

SN - 0160-4120

VL - 181

JO - Environment International

JF - Environment International

M1 - 108280

ER -

Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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