Abstract
Background: A substantial proportion of clinical World War Two survivor offspring reports intrusions about war events they did not experience themselves. Objective: To help identify factors that contribute to the development of such indirect intrusions (i.e. intrusions about non-self-experienced traumatic events), we examined the personal characteristics of survivor offspring that were related to the presence of indirect intrusions. To explore the specificity of these relationships, we compared characteristics related to the presence of indirect and direct intrusions (i.e. intrusions about self-experienced traumatic events).
Methods: Participants (N = 98) were post-war offspring of World War Two survivors in treatment in one of two clinics specialized in mental health services for war victims. We assessed the presence of indirect and direct intrusions as well as the following personal characteristics: gender, education level, trait dissociation, affect intensity, attentional control, mental imagery, fantasy proneness, and current psychopathology.
Results: Reports of indirect intrusions were more frequent in individuals high in fantasy proneness, trait dissociation, and current psychopathology. Reports of direct intrusions were more frequent in women, individuals scoring high on trait dissociation, affect intensity, and current psychopathology. Fantasy proneness was a unique correlate of indirect intrusions.
Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the idea that intrusions are the result of (re)constructive processes affected by several factors including personal characteristics.
HIGHLIGHTS: Offspring of World War Two survivors often experience indirect intrusions. We examined personal characteristics related to indirect and direct intrusions. Fantasy proneness was the best predictor of indirect intrusions. Gender was the best predictor of direct intrusions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2101349 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-10 |
| Journal | European Journal of Psychotraumatology |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We would like to thank dr. Ineke Wessel of the University of Groningen for her input during the design of the study, as well as the therapists, and the care and administration staff off ARQ Centrum ‘45 and Sinai Center for their assistance in patient recruitment and data collection. We especially thank the patients for their participation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Funding
We would like to thank dr. Ineke Wessel of the University of Groningen for her input during the design of the study, as well as the therapists, and the care and administration staff off ARQ Centrum ‘45 and Sinai Center for their assistance in patient recruitment and data collection. We especially thank the patients for their participation.
Keywords
- intergenerational trauma
- intrusive memories
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- psychotrauma
- World War Two
