Patterns of alluvial deposition in Andean lake consistent with ENSO trigger

Kimberley Hagemans; Kees Nooren; Tjalling de Haas; Mario Córdova; Rick Hennekam; Martin C.A. Stekelenburg; Donald T. Rodbell; Hans Middelkoop; Timme H. Donders

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106900

Patterns of alluvial deposition in Andean lake consistent with ENSO trigger

Kimberley Hagemans^*, Kees Nooren, Tjalling de Haas, Mario Córdova, Rick Hennekam, Martin C.A. Stekelenburg, Donald T. Rodbell, Hans Middelkoop, Timme H. Donders

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The laminated sediment record from Laguna Pallcacocha, Ecuador, is widely used as a sensitive recorder of past variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. However, limited knowledge of local meteorology, hydrogeomorphic processes, and the lateral variability of the lacustrine stratigraphy have resulted in some ambiguity in proxy interpretation. In this study, we report new high-resolution meteorological data, hydrogeomorphic mapping of the catchment and geochemistry of the lake's sediments. We show that the fine clastic layers are deposited from alluvial activity in the catchment related to intensive rainfall events originating from the Pacific. Frequency analyses of the geochemistry of the sediments indicates that the clastic layers in L. Pallcacocha fall into the characteristic ENSO frequency band and most likely record Eastern Pacific and Coastal Pacific El Niño events. We also illustrate that recent debris flow deposition has resulted in an abrupt avulsion of the main fluvial channels, redirecting sediment input between the lake's two basins and possibly influencing the lithostratigraphy of the sediment package of L. Pallcacocha.

Original language	English
Article number	106900
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Journal	Quaternary Science Reviews
Volume	259
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106900
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018 ).

Funding Information:
We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)

Funding

We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018 ). We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018).

Keywords

Andean meteorology
Debris flow
El Niño
Flood layer
Laguna Pallcacocha

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10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106900Licence: CC BY

1-s2.0-S0277379121001074-mainFinal published version, 3.16 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Patterns of alluvial deposition in Andean lake consistent with ENSO trigger",

abstract = "The laminated sediment record from Laguna Pallcacocha, Ecuador, is widely used as a sensitive recorder of past variability in the El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation. However, limited knowledge of local meteorology, hydrogeomorphic processes, and the lateral variability of the lacustrine stratigraphy have resulted in some ambiguity in proxy interpretation. In this study, we report new high-resolution meteorological data, hydrogeomorphic mapping of the catchment and geochemistry of the lake's sediments. We show that the fine clastic layers are deposited from alluvial activity in the catchment related to intensive rainfall events originating from the Pacific. Frequency analyses of the geochemistry of the sediments indicates that the clastic layers in L. Pallcacocha fall into the characteristic ENSO frequency band and most likely record Eastern Pacific and Coastal Pacific El Ni{\~n}o events. We also illustrate that recent debris flow deposition has resulted in an abrupt avulsion of the main fluvial channels, redirecting sediment input between the lake's two basins and possibly influencing the lithostratigraphy of the sediment package of L. Pallcacocha.",

keywords = "Andean meteorology, Debris flow, El Ni{\~n}o, Flood layer, Laguna Pallcacocha",

author = "Kimberley Hagemans and Kees Nooren and {de Haas}, Tjalling and Mario C{\'o}rdova and Rick Hennekam and Stekelenburg, {Martin C.A.} and Rodbell, {Donald T.} and Hans Middelkoop and Donders, {Timme H.}",

note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018 ). Funding Information: We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",

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doi = "10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106900",

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AU - Hagemans, Kimberley

AU - Nooren, Kees

AU - de Haas, Tjalling

AU - Córdova, Mario

AU - Hennekam, Rick

AU - Stekelenburg, Martin C.A.

AU - Rodbell, Donald T.

AU - Middelkoop, Hans

AU - Donders, Timme H.

N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018 ). Funding Information: We are grateful to Ben Heggelman, Alice Dijkema and Jos Stekelenburg from the Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort for their help and assistance with the CT scans. Our thanks also goes to the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador (MAE) for providing research and fieldwork permissions (permit number 009_SGA_2015_PNC_BD_VA_Donders) and the personnel from the Cajas National Park and ETAPA-EP for permitting access to the park. This research was funded by the Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO; grant number 824.14.018). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)

PY - 2021/5/1

Y1 - 2021/5/1

N2 - The laminated sediment record from Laguna Pallcacocha, Ecuador, is widely used as a sensitive recorder of past variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. However, limited knowledge of local meteorology, hydrogeomorphic processes, and the lateral variability of the lacustrine stratigraphy have resulted in some ambiguity in proxy interpretation. In this study, we report new high-resolution meteorological data, hydrogeomorphic mapping of the catchment and geochemistry of the lake's sediments. We show that the fine clastic layers are deposited from alluvial activity in the catchment related to intensive rainfall events originating from the Pacific. Frequency analyses of the geochemistry of the sediments indicates that the clastic layers in L. Pallcacocha fall into the characteristic ENSO frequency band and most likely record Eastern Pacific and Coastal Pacific El Niño events. We also illustrate that recent debris flow deposition has resulted in an abrupt avulsion of the main fluvial channels, redirecting sediment input between the lake's two basins and possibly influencing the lithostratigraphy of the sediment package of L. Pallcacocha.

AB - The laminated sediment record from Laguna Pallcacocha, Ecuador, is widely used as a sensitive recorder of past variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. However, limited knowledge of local meteorology, hydrogeomorphic processes, and the lateral variability of the lacustrine stratigraphy have resulted in some ambiguity in proxy interpretation. In this study, we report new high-resolution meteorological data, hydrogeomorphic mapping of the catchment and geochemistry of the lake's sediments. We show that the fine clastic layers are deposited from alluvial activity in the catchment related to intensive rainfall events originating from the Pacific. Frequency analyses of the geochemistry of the sediments indicates that the clastic layers in L. Pallcacocha fall into the characteristic ENSO frequency band and most likely record Eastern Pacific and Coastal Pacific El Niño events. We also illustrate that recent debris flow deposition has resulted in an abrupt avulsion of the main fluvial channels, redirecting sediment input between the lake's two basins and possibly influencing the lithostratigraphy of the sediment package of L. Pallcacocha.

KW - Andean meteorology

KW - Debris flow

KW - El Niño

KW - Flood layer

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ER -

Patterns of alluvial deposition in Andean lake consistent with ENSO trigger

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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