Partakers with the Altar. Church Personnel and the Exploitation of Amsterdam’s Public Churches, 1650-1795

Contrary to prevalent assumptions, city magistracies did not always pay for the upkeep of the churches used by the Dutch Reformed church. Based on the archives of churchwardens for the eleven public churches of Amsterdam, this article shows that for about a century between 1650 and 1750 the churches hardly needed financial support, how this was possible, and why they eventually came to rely on municipal subsidies. After the devastations wrought by the Dutch Revolt and the Reformation, the buildings were refurnished in a luxurious style, befitting the prestige of the city. Burgomasters imposed a seating arrangement that, maintained by a variety of minor officials, reflected the hierarchical order of society. The biographical background and the work of these officials provide a window into the ritual of churchgoing. During the heyday of Amsterdam’s prosperity people were happy to pay for the services the churches provided, and for the opportunities it offered for the display of rank and dig- nity. Economic decline, critique of the established social order, and changing religious sensibilities undercut this source of funding. The report of an auditing committee, analysing the administration of churchwardens in 1795 and 1796, testifies to the dif- ficulties even the staunchest Batavian revolutionaries experienced when rethinking early modern public finances.