Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe

Jaka Jakob Hodnik; Žaklin Acinger-Rogić; Mentor Alishani; Tiina Autio; Ana Balseiro; John Berezowski; Luís Pedro Carmo; Ilias Chaligiannis; Beate Conrady; Lina Costa; Iskra Cvetkovikj; Ivana Davidov; Marc Dispas; Igor Djadjovski; Elsa Leclerc Duarte; Céline Faverjon; Christine Fourichon; Jenny Frössling; Anton Gerilovych; Jörn Gethmann; Jacinto Gomes; David Graham; Maria Guelbenzu; George J. Gunn; Madeleine K. Henry; Petter Hopp; Hans Houe; Elena Irimia; Jožica Ježek; Ramon A. Juste; Emmanouil Kalaitzakis; Jasmeet Kaler; Selcuk Kaplan; Polychronis Kostoulas; Kaspars Kovalenko; Nada Kneževič; Tanja Knific; Xhelil Koleci; Aurélien Madouasse; Alvydas Malakauskas; Rene Mandelik; Eleftherios Meletis; Madalina Mincu; Kerli Mõtus; Violeta Muñoz-Gómez; Mihaela Niculae; Jelena Nikitović; Matjaž Ocepek; Marie Tangen-Opsal; László Ózsvári; Dimitrios Papadopoulos; Theofilos Papadopoulos; Sinikka Pelkonen; Miroslaw Pawel Polak; Nicola Pozzato; Eglé Rapaliuté; Stefaan Ribbens; João Niza-Ribeiro; Franz Ferdinand Roch; Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen; Jose Luis Saez; Søren Saxmose Nielsen; Gerdien van Schaik; Ebba Schwan; Blagica Sekovska; Jože Starič; Sam Strain; Petr Šatran; Sabina Šerić-Haračić; Lena Mari Tamminen; Hans Hermann Thulke; Ivan Toplak; Erja Tuunainen; Sharon Verner; Štefan Vilček; Ramazan Yildiz; Inge M.G.A. Santman-Berends

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.688078

Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe

Jaka Jakob Hodnik^*, Žaklin Acinger-Rogić, Mentor Alishani, Tiina Autio, Ana Balseiro, John Berezowski, Luís Pedro Carmo, Ilias Chaligiannis, Beate Conrady, Lina Costa, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Ivana Davidov, Marc Dispas, Igor Djadjovski, Elsa Leclerc Duarte, Céline Faverjon, Christine Fourichon, Jenny Frössling, Anton Gerilovych, Jörn GethmannJacinto Gomes, David Graham, Maria Guelbenzu, George J. Gunn, Madeleine K. Henry, Petter Hopp, Hans Houe, Elena Irimia, Jožica Ježek, Ramon A. Juste, Emmanouil Kalaitzakis, Jasmeet Kaler, Selcuk Kaplan, Polychronis Kostoulas, Kaspars Kovalenko, Nada Kneževič, Tanja Knific, Xhelil Koleci, Aurélien Madouasse, Alvydas Malakauskas, Rene Mandelik, Eleftherios Meletis, Madalina Mincu, Kerli Mõtus, Violeta Muñoz-Gómez, Mihaela Niculae, Jelena Nikitović, Matjaž Ocepek, Marie Tangen-Opsal, László Ózsvári, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Theofilos Papadopoulos, Sinikka Pelkonen, Miroslaw Pawel Polak, Nicola Pozzato, Eglé Rapaliuté, Stefaan Ribbens, João Niza-Ribeiro, Franz Ferdinand Roch, Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen, Jose Luis Saez, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Gerdien van Schaik, Ebba Schwan, Blagica Sekovska, Jože Starič, Sam Strain, Petr Šatran, Sabina Šerić-Haračić, Lena Mari Tamminen, Hans Hermann Thulke, Ivan Toplak, Erja Tuunainen, Sharon Verner, Štefan Vilček, Ramazan Yildiz, Inge M.G.A. Santman-Berends

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.

Original language	English
Article number	688078
Pages (from-to)	1-13
Number of pages	13
Journal	Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Volume	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688078
Publication status	Published - 30 Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Heinzpeter Schwermer, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland for helping compile the information for Switzerland, and Sara Savi?, PhD, DVM, senior research fellow and Dejan Bugarski, PhD, DVM, senior research associate from Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia for helping compile the information for Serbia. Funding. This article is based upon work from COST Action Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control) CA17110 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)3. COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Hodnik, Acinger-Rogić, Alishani, Autio, Balseiro, Berezowski, Carmo, Chaligiannis, Conrady, Costa, Cvetkovikj, Davidov, Dispas, Djadjovski, Duarte, Faverjon, Fourichon, Frössling, Gerilovych, Gethmann, Gomes, Graham, Guelbenzu, Gunn, Henry, Hopp, Houe, Irimia, Ježek, Juste, Kalaitzakis, Kaler, Kaplan, Kostoulas, Kovalenko, Kneževič, Knific, Koleci, Madouasse, Malakauskas, Mandelik, Meletis, Mincu, Mõtus, Muñoz-Gómez, Niculae, Nikitović, Ocepek, Tangen-Opsal, Ózsvári, Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, Pelkonen, Polak, Pozzato, Rapaliuté, Ribbens, Niza-Ribeiro, Roch, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Saez, Nielsen, van Schaik, Schwan, Sekovska, Starič, Strain, Šatran, Šerić-Haračić, Tamminen, Thulke, Toplak, Tuunainen, Verner, Vilček, Yildiz and Santman-Berends.

Funding

The authors would like to thank Heinzpeter Schwermer, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland for helping compile the information for Switzerland, and Sara Savi?, PhD, DVM, senior research fellow and Dejan Bugarski, PhD, DVM, senior research associate from Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia for helping compile the information for Serbia. Funding. This article is based upon work from COST Action Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control) CA17110 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)3. COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

Keywords

cattle
control programmes
disease control
Europe
output-based standards
SOUND control

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3389/fvets.2021.688078Licence: CC BY

fvets-08-688078Final published version, 2.03 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Hodnik, J. J., Acinger-Rogić, Ž., Alishani, M., Autio, T., Balseiro, A., Berezowski, J., Carmo, L. P., Chaligiannis, I., Conrady, B., Costa, L., Cvetkovikj, I., Davidov, I., Dispas, M., Djadjovski, I., Duarte, E. L., Faverjon, C., Fourichon, C., Frössling, J., Gerilovych, A., ... Santman-Berends, I. M. G. A. (2021). Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 1-13. Article 688078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688078

@article{fc6ceb1513c44f7382383fd414947896,

title = "Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe",

abstract = "The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.",

keywords = "cattle, control programmes, disease control, Europe, output-based standards, SOUND control",

author = "Hodnik, {Jaka Jakob} and {\v Z}aklin Acinger-Rogi{\'c} and Mentor Alishani and Tiina Autio and Ana Balseiro and John Berezowski and Carmo, {Lu{\'i}s Pedro} and Ilias Chaligiannis and Beate Conrady and Lina Costa and Iskra Cvetkovikj and Ivana Davidov and Marc Dispas and Igor Djadjovski and Duarte, {Elsa Leclerc} and C{\'e}line Faverjon and Christine Fourichon and Jenny Fr{\"o}ssling and Anton Gerilovych and J{\"o}rn Gethmann and Jacinto Gomes and David Graham and Maria Guelbenzu and Gunn, {George J.} and Henry, {Madeleine K.} and Petter Hopp and Hans Houe and Elena Irimia and Jo{\v z}ica Je{\v z}ek and Juste, {Ramon A.} and Emmanouil Kalaitzakis and Jasmeet Kaler and Selcuk Kaplan and Polychronis Kostoulas and Kaspars Kovalenko and Nada Kne{\v z}evi{\v c} and Tanja Knific and Xhelil Koleci and Aur{\'e}lien Madouasse and Alvydas Malakauskas and Rene Mandelik and Eleftherios Meletis and Madalina Mincu and Kerli M{\~o}tus and Violeta Mu{\~n}oz-G{\'o}mez and Mihaela Niculae and Jelena Nikitovi{\'c} and Matja{\v z} Ocepek and Marie Tangen-Opsal and L{\'a}szl{\'o} {\'O}zsv{\'a}ri and Dimitrios Papadopoulos and Theofilos Papadopoulos and Sinikka Pelkonen and Polak, {Miroslaw Pawel} and Nicola Pozzato and Egl{\'e} Rapaliut{\'e} and Stefaan Ribbens and Jo{\~a}o Niza-Ribeiro and Roch, {Franz Ferdinand} and {Rosenbaum Nielsen}, Liza and Saez, {Jose Luis} and Nielsen, {S{\o}ren Saxmose} and {van Schaik}, Gerdien and Ebba Schwan and Blagica Sekovska and Jo{\v z}e Stari{\v c} and Sam Strain and Petr {\v S}atran and Sabina {\v S}eri{\'c}-Hara{\v c}i{\'c} and Tamminen, {Lena Mari} and Thulke, {Hans Hermann} and Ivan Toplak and Erja Tuunainen and Sharon Verner and {\v S}tefan Vil{\v c}ek and Ramazan Yildiz and Santman-Berends, {Inge M.G.A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Heinzpeter Schwermer, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland for helping compile the information for Switzerland, and Sara Savi?, PhD, DVM, senior research fellow and Dejan Bugarski, PhD, DVM, senior research associate from Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia for helping compile the information for Serbia. Funding. This article is based upon work from COST Action Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control) CA17110 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)3. COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Hodnik, Acinger-Rogi{\'c}, Alishani, Autio, Balseiro, Berezowski, Carmo, Chaligiannis, Conrady, Costa, Cvetkovikj, Davidov, Dispas, Djadjovski, Duarte, Faverjon, Fourichon, Fr{\"o}ssling, Gerilovych, Gethmann, Gomes, Graham, Guelbenzu, Gunn, Henry, Hopp, Houe, Irimia, Je{\v z}ek, Juste, Kalaitzakis, Kaler, Kaplan, Kostoulas, Kovalenko, Kne{\v z}evi{\v c}, Knific, Koleci, Madouasse, Malakauskas, Mandelik, Meletis, Mincu, M{\~o}tus, Mu{\~n}oz-G{\'o}mez, Niculae, Nikitovi{\'c}, Ocepek, Tangen-Opsal, {\'O}zsv{\'a}ri, Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, Pelkonen, Polak, Pozzato, Rapaliut{\'e}, Ribbens, Niza-Ribeiro, Roch, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Saez, Nielsen, van Schaik, Schwan, Sekovska, Stari{\v c}, Strain, {\v S}atran, {\v S}eri{\'c}-Hara{\v c}i{\'c}, Tamminen, Thulke, Toplak, Tuunainen, Verner, Vil{\v c}ek, Yildiz and Santman-Berends.",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

day = "30",

doi = "10.3389/fvets.2021.688078",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

pages = "1--13",

journal = "Frontiers in Veterinary Science",

issn = "2297-1769",

publisher = "Frontiers Media SA",

}

Hodnik, JJ, Acinger-Rogić, Ž, Alishani, M, Autio, T, Balseiro, A, Berezowski, J, Carmo, LP, Chaligiannis, I, Conrady, B, Costa, L, Cvetkovikj, I, Davidov, I, Dispas, M, Djadjovski, I, Duarte, EL, Faverjon, C, Fourichon, C, Frössling, J, Gerilovych, A, Gethmann, J, Gomes, J, Graham, D, Guelbenzu, M, Gunn, GJ, Henry, MK, Hopp, P, Houe, H, Irimia, E, Ježek, J, Juste, RA, Kalaitzakis, E, Kaler, J, Kaplan, S, Kostoulas, P, Kovalenko, K, Kneževič, N, Knific, T, Koleci, X, Madouasse, A, Malakauskas, A, Mandelik, R, Meletis, E, Mincu, M, Mõtus, K, Muñoz-Gómez, V, Niculae, M, Nikitović, J, Ocepek, M, Tangen-Opsal, M, Ózsvári, L, Papadopoulos, D, Papadopoulos, T, Pelkonen, S, Polak, MP, Pozzato, N, Rapaliuté, E, Ribbens, S, Niza-Ribeiro, J, Roch, FF, Rosenbaum Nielsen, L, Saez, JL, Nielsen, SS, van Schaik, G, Schwan, E, Sekovska, B, Starič, J, Strain, S, Šatran, P, Šerić-Haračić, S, Tamminen, LM, Thulke, HH, Toplak, I, Tuunainen, E, Verner, S, Vilček, Š, Yildiz, R & Santman-Berends, IMGA 2021, 'Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe', Frontiers in Veterinary Science, vol. 8, 688078, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688078

TY - JOUR

T1 - Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe

AU - Hodnik, Jaka Jakob

AU - Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin

AU - Alishani, Mentor

AU - Autio, Tiina

AU - Balseiro, Ana

AU - Berezowski, John

AU - Carmo, Luís Pedro

AU - Chaligiannis, Ilias

AU - Conrady, Beate

AU - Costa, Lina

AU - Cvetkovikj, Iskra

AU - Davidov, Ivana

AU - Dispas, Marc

AU - Djadjovski, Igor

AU - Duarte, Elsa Leclerc

AU - Faverjon, Céline

AU - Fourichon, Christine

AU - Frössling, Jenny

AU - Gerilovych, Anton

AU - Gethmann, Jörn

AU - Gomes, Jacinto

AU - Graham, David

AU - Guelbenzu, Maria

AU - Gunn, George J.

AU - Henry, Madeleine K.

AU - Hopp, Petter

AU - Houe, Hans

AU - Irimia, Elena

AU - Ježek, Jožica

AU - Juste, Ramon A.

AU - Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil

AU - Kaler, Jasmeet

AU - Kaplan, Selcuk

AU - Kostoulas, Polychronis

AU - Kovalenko, Kaspars

AU - Kneževič, Nada

AU - Knific, Tanja

AU - Koleci, Xhelil

AU - Madouasse, Aurélien

AU - Malakauskas, Alvydas

AU - Mandelik, Rene

AU - Meletis, Eleftherios

AU - Mincu, Madalina

AU - Mõtus, Kerli

AU - Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta

AU - Niculae, Mihaela

AU - Nikitović, Jelena

AU - Ocepek, Matjaž

AU - Tangen-Opsal, Marie

AU - Ózsvári, László

AU - Papadopoulos, Dimitrios

AU - Papadopoulos, Theofilos

AU - Pelkonen, Sinikka

AU - Polak, Miroslaw Pawel

AU - Pozzato, Nicola

AU - Rapaliuté, Eglé

AU - Ribbens, Stefaan

AU - Niza-Ribeiro, João

AU - Roch, Franz Ferdinand

AU - Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza

AU - Saez, Jose Luis

AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose

AU - van Schaik, Gerdien

AU - Schwan, Ebba

AU - Sekovska, Blagica

AU - Starič, Jože

AU - Strain, Sam

AU - Šatran, Petr

AU - Šerić-Haračić, Sabina

AU - Tamminen, Lena Mari

AU - Thulke, Hans Hermann

AU - Toplak, Ivan

AU - Tuunainen, Erja

AU - Verner, Sharon

AU - Vilček, Štefan

AU - Yildiz, Ramazan

AU - Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Heinzpeter Schwermer, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland for helping compile the information for Switzerland, and Sara Savi?, PhD, DVM, senior research fellow and Dejan Bugarski, PhD, DVM, senior research associate from Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia for helping compile the information for Serbia. Funding. This article is based upon work from COST Action Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control) CA17110 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)3. COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Hodnik, Acinger-Rogić, Alishani, Autio, Balseiro, Berezowski, Carmo, Chaligiannis, Conrady, Costa, Cvetkovikj, Davidov, Dispas, Djadjovski, Duarte, Faverjon, Fourichon, Frössling, Gerilovych, Gethmann, Gomes, Graham, Guelbenzu, Gunn, Henry, Hopp, Houe, Irimia, Ježek, Juste, Kalaitzakis, Kaler, Kaplan, Kostoulas, Kovalenko, Kneževič, Knific, Koleci, Madouasse, Malakauskas, Mandelik, Meletis, Mincu, Mõtus, Muñoz-Gómez, Niculae, Nikitović, Ocepek, Tangen-Opsal, Ózsvári, Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, Pelkonen, Polak, Pozzato, Rapaliuté, Ribbens, Niza-Ribeiro, Roch, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Saez, Nielsen, van Schaik, Schwan, Sekovska, Starič, Strain, Šatran, Šerić-Haračić, Tamminen, Thulke, Toplak, Tuunainen, Verner, Vilček, Yildiz and Santman-Berends.

PY - 2021/7/30

Y1 - 2021/7/30

N2 - The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.

AB - The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.

KW - cattle

KW - control programmes

KW - disease control

KW - Europe

KW - output-based standards

KW - SOUND control

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112529528&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078

DO - 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85112529528

SN - 2297-1769

VL - 8

SP - 1

EP - 13

JO - Frontiers in Veterinary Science

JF - Frontiers in Veterinary Science

M1 - 688078

ER -

Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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