@article{d0d96d436150434ca4f926882520b934,
title = "Organism traits determine the strength of scale-dependent bio-geomorphic feedbacks: A flume study on three intertidal plant species",
abstract = "There is a growing recognition of the important role of scale-dependent feedback for biogeomorphological landscape formation, where organisms locally improve survival and growth but at the same time negatively affect organisms at larger distance. However, little is known on how scale-dependent bio-geomorphic feedback is influenced by organism traits in combination with abiotic forcing. This was studied by measuring in a flume, the flow patterns around patches of three contrasting marsh species (Spartina anglica, Puccinellia maritima and Salicornia procumbens), using the flow acceleration around vegetation patches and deceleration within vegetation patches as quantitative proxy for the negative and positive feedback to the vegetation performance. The importance of external forcing was assessed by comparing three realistic current velocities: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3ms-1. Our results showed that the dense clonal growth of stiff Spartina anglica shoots caused strongest flow deviations, irrespective of the applied current velocity. In contrast, the more sparsely growing, shorter stiff shoots of Salicornia procumbens induced much less flow deviation, allowing more water to pass through and over the vegetation canopy. The dense but highly flexible shoots of Puccinellia maritima caused strong flow deviations at low velocities, which diminished at higher velocities due to bending of the vegetation. Overall, these hydrodynamic results demonstrate that plant species traits interact with environmental conditions in creating scale-dependent feedbacks explaining why the effects of vegetation on landscape formation in saltmarshes are species specific.",
keywords = "Biogeomorphology, Flow deviation, Habitat modification, Negative feedbacks, Positive feedbacks, Saltmarsh",
author = "Bouma, {T. J.} and S. Temmerman and {van Duren}, {L. A.} and E. Martini and W. Vandenbruwaene and Callaghan, {D. P.} and T. Balke and G. Biermans and Klaassen, {P. C.} and {van Steeg}, P. and F. Dekker and {van de Koppel}, J. and {de Vries}, {M. B.} and Herman, {P. M.J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been financially supported by the EU 6th Framework Programme, Integrated Infrastructure Initiative HYDRALAB III within the Transnational Access Activities, contract no. 022441 . We acknowledge Deltares , for substantial additional financial support. T.J. Bouma and P. Klaassen gratefully acknowledges STW-NWO grant 07324 for funding our research on factors affecting salt-marsh establishment and the application of marshes in coastal defense. We are grateful to all European partners involved in this HYDRALAB project, especially Suzanna Ilic (Lancaster University), Ivan Caceres and Tiago Oliveira (Polytechnical University of Catalunya), Massimo Guerero and Alberto Lamberti (University of Bologna), for thoughtful discussions and practical assistance. We like to thank the Editor Prof. A. Plater, the reviewer, Prof. S. Rice from Loughborough University, and an anonymous reviewer for their highly valuable comments on an earlier draft, which helped us greatly to improve our manuscript. This experiment has only been possible thanks to a large group of people providing technical support. For this we like to thank Pieter Pasterkamp, Peter Albers, John Coolegem and Frans de Vreede from Deltares and Jos van Soelen, Lennart van IJzerloo, Bert Sinke and Lowie Haaze from the NIOO-KNAW. We especially want to acknowledge {\textquoteleft}green fingered{\textquoteright} Bas Koutstaal, for growing all the beautiful plants that were used in these experiments.",
year = "2013",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.09.005",
language = "English",
volume = "180-181",
pages = "57--65",
journal = "Geomorphology",
issn = "0169-555X",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}