One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial

L.E. De Graaf; S.A.H. Gerhards; A. Arntz; H. Riper; J.F.M. Metsemakers; S.M.A.A. Evers; J.L. Severens; G. Widdershoven; M.J.H. Huibers

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003

One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial

L.E. De Graaf, S.A.H. Gerhards, A. Arntz, H. Riper, J.F.M. Metsemakers, S.M.A.A. Evers, J.L. Severens, G. Widdershoven, M.J.H. Huibers

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Objective: To report the one-year follow-up results of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT), offered online without professional support, for depression compared with usual GP care and a combination of both treatments. To explore potential relapse prevention effects of CCBT.

Methods: 303 depressed patients were randomly allocated to (a) unsupported online CCBT (b) treatment as usual (TAU), or (c) CCBT and TAU combined. We had a 12-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II. Self-reported health care use was also measured.

Key findings: At 12 months, no statistically significant differences between the three interventions are found in the intention-to-treat population for depressive severity, reliable improvement, remission, and relapse. In the first quarter, differences in health care consumption between the three interventions are significant (i.e. less GP contacts, less antidepressant medication, and less specialist mental health care in the CCBT group), but these differences disappear over time.

Conclusions: Unsupported online CCBT is not superior to TAU by a GP for depression. With equal effects, CCBT alone leads to less health care consumption than TAU and CCBT&TAU. Overall effects are modest in all interventions, which can be explained by the finding that the use of health care services decreases despite the lack of substantial improvements.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	89-95
Journal	Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Volume	42
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003
Publication status	Published - 2011
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Annie Hendriks and Greet Kellens for their assistance during the study and Rosanne Janssen for the development of the infrastructure for online data collection. The trial was financed by ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; project number 945-04-417 ), research institute EPP and research institute CAPHRI . Municipalities Eijsden, Meerssen, Sittard-Geleen, Valkenburg and Maastricht sponsored the study.

Funding

We thank Annie Hendriks and Greet Kellens for their assistance during the study and Rosanne Janssen for the development of the infrastructure for online data collection. The trial was financed by ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; project number 945-04-417 ), research institute EPP and research institute CAPHRI . Municipalities Eijsden, Meerssen, Sittard-Geleen, Valkenburg and Maastricht sponsored the study.

Keywords

Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy
Depression
Long-term effectiveness

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003

Cite this

De Graaf, L. E., Gerhards, S. A. H., Arntz, A., Riper, H., Metsemakers, J. F. M., Evers, S. M. A. A., Severens, J. L., Widdershoven, G., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2011). One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003

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title = "One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial",

abstract = "Objective: To report the one-year follow-up results of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT), offered online without professional support, for depression compared with usual GP care and a combination of both treatments. To explore potential relapse prevention effects of CCBT. Methods: 303 depressed patients were randomly allocated to (a) unsupported online CCBT (b) treatment as usual (TAU), or (c) CCBT and TAU combined. We had a 12-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II. Self-reported health care use was also measured. Key findings: At 12 months, no statistically significant differences between the three interventions are found in the intention-to-treat population for depressive severity, reliable improvement, remission, and relapse. In the first quarter, differences in health care consumption between the three interventions are significant (i.e. less GP contacts, less antidepressant medication, and less specialist mental health care in the CCBT group), but these differences disappear over time. Conclusions: Unsupported online CCBT is not superior to TAU by a GP for depression. With equal effects, CCBT alone leads to less health care consumption than TAU and CCBT&TAU. Overall effects are modest in all interventions, which can be explained by the finding that the use of health care services decreases despite the lack of substantial improvements.",

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author = "{De Graaf}, L.E. and S.A.H. Gerhards and A. Arntz and H. Riper and J.F.M. Metsemakers and S.M.A.A. Evers and J.L. Severens and G. Widdershoven and M.J.H. Huibers",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Annie Hendriks and Greet Kellens for their assistance during the study and Rosanne Janssen for the development of the infrastructure for online data collection. The trial was financed by ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; project number 945-04-417 ), research institute EPP and research institute CAPHRI . Municipalities Eijsden, Meerssen, Sittard-Geleen, Valkenburg and Maastricht sponsored the study.",

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De Graaf, LE, Gerhards, SAH, Arntz, A, Riper, H, Metsemakers, JFM, Evers, SMAA, Severens, JL, Widdershoven, G & Huibers, MJH 2011, 'One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial', Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003

One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. / De Graaf, L.E.; Gerhards, S.A.H.; Arntz, A. et al.
In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2011, p. 89-95.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care

T2 - A randomized trial

AU - De Graaf, L.E.

AU - Gerhards, S.A.H.

AU - Arntz, A.

AU - Riper, H.

AU - Metsemakers, J.F.M.

AU - Evers, S.M.A.A.

AU - Severens, J.L.

AU - Widdershoven, G.

AU - Huibers, M.J.H.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Annie Hendriks and Greet Kellens for their assistance during the study and Rosanne Janssen for the development of the infrastructure for online data collection. The trial was financed by ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; project number 945-04-417 ), research institute EPP and research institute CAPHRI . Municipalities Eijsden, Meerssen, Sittard-Geleen, Valkenburg and Maastricht sponsored the study.

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - Objective: To report the one-year follow-up results of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT), offered online without professional support, for depression compared with usual GP care and a combination of both treatments. To explore potential relapse prevention effects of CCBT. Methods: 303 depressed patients were randomly allocated to (a) unsupported online CCBT (b) treatment as usual (TAU), or (c) CCBT and TAU combined. We had a 12-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II. Self-reported health care use was also measured. Key findings: At 12 months, no statistically significant differences between the three interventions are found in the intention-to-treat population for depressive severity, reliable improvement, remission, and relapse. In the first quarter, differences in health care consumption between the three interventions are significant (i.e. less GP contacts, less antidepressant medication, and less specialist mental health care in the CCBT group), but these differences disappear over time. Conclusions: Unsupported online CCBT is not superior to TAU by a GP for depression. With equal effects, CCBT alone leads to less health care consumption than TAU and CCBT&TAU. Overall effects are modest in all interventions, which can be explained by the finding that the use of health care services decreases despite the lack of substantial improvements.

AB - Objective: To report the one-year follow-up results of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT), offered online without professional support, for depression compared with usual GP care and a combination of both treatments. To explore potential relapse prevention effects of CCBT. Methods: 303 depressed patients were randomly allocated to (a) unsupported online CCBT (b) treatment as usual (TAU), or (c) CCBT and TAU combined. We had a 12-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory II. Self-reported health care use was also measured. Key findings: At 12 months, no statistically significant differences between the three interventions are found in the intention-to-treat population for depressive severity, reliable improvement, remission, and relapse. In the first quarter, differences in health care consumption between the three interventions are significant (i.e. less GP contacts, less antidepressant medication, and less specialist mental health care in the CCBT group), but these differences disappear over time. Conclusions: Unsupported online CCBT is not superior to TAU by a GP for depression. With equal effects, CCBT alone leads to less health care consumption than TAU and CCBT&TAU. Overall effects are modest in all interventions, which can be explained by the finding that the use of health care services decreases despite the lack of substantial improvements.

KW - Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy

KW - Depression

KW - Long-term effectiveness

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One-year follow-up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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