Old World monkeys

This chapter focuses on selected species from the Cercopithecine subfamily which are commonly used in research, that is Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Chlorocebus sp. and Papio species. The use of Old World monkeys (OWM) in biomedical research requires that both breeders and scientists involved in the research understand the biology and behaviour of the species with which they work. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques communicate through vocalisation and behavior. All OWM used for scientific purposes in Europe must come from purpose-bred colonies. Traditionally, animal welfare is focused on the exclusion of negative welfare aspects, such as pain and distress. OWM are social animals, and individual housing is likely to result in failure to cope, which can lead to the development of abnormal behaviour, increased stress levels and affect research outcomes. In OWM, some endocrine disorders result in alterations to skin and hair coat.