TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel injectable, self-gelling hydrogel-microparticle composites for bone regeneration consisting of gellan gum and calcium and magnesium carbonate microparticles
AU - Douglas, Timothy E.L.
AU - Łapa, Agata
AU - Reczyńska, Katarzyna
AU - Krok-Borkowicz, Małgorzata
AU - Pietryga, Krzysztof
AU - Samal, Sangram Keshari
AU - Declercq, Heidi A.
AU - Schaubroeck, David
AU - Boone, Marijn
AU - Van Der Voort, Pascal
AU - De Schamphelaere, Karel
AU - Stevens, Christian V.
AU - Bliznuk, Vitaliy
AU - Balcaen, Lieve
AU - Parakhonskiy, Bogdan V.
AU - Vanhaecke, Frank
AU - Cnudde, Veerle
AU - Pamuła, Elzbieta
AU - Skirtach, Andre G.
PY - 2016/11/21
Y1 - 2016/11/21
N2 - The suitability of hydrogel biomaterials for bone regeneration can be improved by incorporation of an inorganic phase in particle form, thus maintaining hydrogel injectability. In this study, carbonate microparticles containing different amounts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were added to solutions of the anionic polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) to crosslink GG by release of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from microparticles and thereby induce formation of hydrogel-microparticle composites. It was hypothesized that increasing Mg content of microparticles would promote GG hydrogel formation. The effect of Mg incorporation on cytocompatibility and cell growth was also studied. Microparticles were formed by mixing Ca2+ and Mg2+ and ions in varying concentrations. Microparticles were characterized physiochemically and subsequently mixed with GG solution to form hydrogel-microparticle composites. The elemental Ca:Mg ratio in the mineral formed was similar to the Ca:Mg ratio of the ions added. In the absence of Mg, vaterite was formed. At low Mg content, magnesian calcite was formed. Increasing the Mg content further caused formation of amorphous mineral. Microparticles of vaterite and magnesium calcite did not induce GG hydrogel formation, but addition of Mg-richer amorphous microparticles induced gelation within 20 min. Microparticles were dispersed homogeneously in hydrogels. MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured in eluate from hydrogel-microparticle composites and on the composites themselves. All composites were cytocompatible. Cell growth was highest on composites containing particles with an equimolar Ca:Mg ratio. In summary, carbonate microparticles containing a sufficient amount of Mg induced GG hydrogel formation, resulting in injectable, cytocompatible hydrogel-microparticle composites.
AB - The suitability of hydrogel biomaterials for bone regeneration can be improved by incorporation of an inorganic phase in particle form, thus maintaining hydrogel injectability. In this study, carbonate microparticles containing different amounts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were added to solutions of the anionic polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) to crosslink GG by release of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from microparticles and thereby induce formation of hydrogel-microparticle composites. It was hypothesized that increasing Mg content of microparticles would promote GG hydrogel formation. The effect of Mg incorporation on cytocompatibility and cell growth was also studied. Microparticles were formed by mixing Ca2+ and Mg2+ and ions in varying concentrations. Microparticles were characterized physiochemically and subsequently mixed with GG solution to form hydrogel-microparticle composites. The elemental Ca:Mg ratio in the mineral formed was similar to the Ca:Mg ratio of the ions added. In the absence of Mg, vaterite was formed. At low Mg content, magnesian calcite was formed. Increasing the Mg content further caused formation of amorphous mineral. Microparticles of vaterite and magnesium calcite did not induce GG hydrogel formation, but addition of Mg-richer amorphous microparticles induced gelation within 20 min. Microparticles were dispersed homogeneously in hydrogels. MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured in eluate from hydrogel-microparticle composites and on the composites themselves. All composites were cytocompatible. Cell growth was highest on composites containing particles with an equimolar Ca:Mg ratio. In summary, carbonate microparticles containing a sufficient amount of Mg induced GG hydrogel formation, resulting in injectable, cytocompatible hydrogel-microparticle composites.
KW - carbonate
KW - composite
KW - gellan gum
KW - hydrogel
KW - injectable material
KW - magnesium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85002388775&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-6041/11/6/065011
DO - 10.1088/1748-6041/11/6/065011
M3 - Article
C2 - 27869102
AN - SCOPUS:85002388775
SN - 1748-6041
VL - 11
JO - Biomedical Materials (Bristol)
JF - Biomedical Materials (Bristol)
IS - 6
M1 - 065011
ER -