New mixed matrix membrane for the removal of urea from dialysate solution

Ilaria Geremia; Jacobus A.W. Jong; Cornelus F. van Nostrum; Wim E. Hennink; Karin G.F. Gerritsen; Dimitrios Stamatialis

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119408

New mixed matrix membrane for the removal of urea from dialysate solution

Ilaria Geremia, Jacobus A.W. Jong, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Wim E. Hennink, Karin G.F. Gerritsen, Dimitrios Stamatialis^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Twente

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Urea removal is one of the biggest challenges in dialysate regeneration in Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK) devices. In this work, a new Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is developed for urea removal in WAK applications. The MMM consists of polystyrene-based ninhydrin particles within a polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer blend matrix. The MMM is prepared via dry-wet spinning technique and characterized in terms of its morphology via electron microscopy and clean water permeance. Urea removal is studied both in static and in dynamic conditions. Thanks to the good dispersion of small size ninhydrin particles (size < 63 µm), the MMM removed under static conditions, at 70 °C, 2.1 ± 0.1 mmol of urea per grams of particles at 24 h, while urea removal by the particles in suspension reached 1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/g under the same conditions. Importantly, in continuous recirculation experiments, performed at 70 °C using a laboratory scale module, the MMM removed 3.4 ± 0.3 mmol of urea per grams of particles, in 4 h, due to the high particle accessibility by urea within the membrane. Based on these results it is estimated that only 215 g of MMM are needed for removing the daily produced urea from spent dialysate (400 mmol) making MMM suitable for application to WAK, where miniaturization and lightweight are required.

Original language	English
Article number	119408
Pages (from-to)	1-6
Number of pages	8
Journal	Separation and Purification Technology
Volume	277
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119408
Publication status	Published - 15 Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente , University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the “European Uremic Toxin working group” (EUTox) of the “European Society for Artificial Organs” (ESAO) endorsed by the “European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association” (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member.

Funding Information:
I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente, University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the ?European Uremic Toxin working group? (EUTox) of the ?European Society for Artificial Organs? (ESAO) endorsed by the ?European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association? (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation.

Funding Information:
I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF).

Funding Information:
J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors

Funding

D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente , University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the “European Uremic Toxin working group” (EUTox) of the “European Society for Artificial Organs” (ESAO) endorsed by the “European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association” (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente, University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the ?European Uremic Toxin working group? (EUTox) of the ?European Society for Artificial Organs? (ESAO) endorsed by the ?European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association? (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation. I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation.

Keywords

Dialysate
Haemodialysis
Mixed Matrix Membrane
Ninhydrin
Urea

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1-s2.0-S1383586621011175-mainFinal published version, 3.42 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "New mixed matrix membrane for the removal of urea from dialysate solution",

abstract = "Urea removal is one of the biggest challenges in dialysate regeneration in Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK) devices. In this work, a new Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is developed for urea removal in WAK applications. The MMM consists of polystyrene-based ninhydrin particles within a polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer blend matrix. The MMM is prepared via dry-wet spinning technique and characterized in terms of its morphology via electron microscopy and clean water permeance. Urea removal is studied both in static and in dynamic conditions. Thanks to the good dispersion of small size ninhydrin particles (size < 63 µm), the MMM removed under static conditions, at 70 °C, 2.1 ± 0.1 mmol of urea per grams of particles at 24 h, while urea removal by the particles in suspension reached 1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/g under the same conditions. Importantly, in continuous recirculation experiments, performed at 70 °C using a laboratory scale module, the MMM removed 3.4 ± 0.3 mmol of urea per grams of particles, in 4 h, due to the high particle accessibility by urea within the membrane. Based on these results it is estimated that only 215 g of MMM are needed for removing the daily produced urea from spent dialysate (400 mmol) making MMM suitable for application to WAK, where miniaturization and lightweight are required.",

keywords = "Dialysate, Haemodialysis, Mixed Matrix Membrane, Ninhydrin, Urea",

author = "Ilaria Geremia and \{A.W. Jong\}, Jacobus and \{van Nostrum\}, \{Cornelus F.\} and Hennink, \{Wim E.\} and \{G.F. Gerritsen\}, Karin and Dimitrios Stamatialis",

note = "Funding Information: D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente , University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the “European Uremic Toxin working group” (EUTox) of the “European Society for Artificial Organs” (ESAO) endorsed by the “European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association” (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. Funding Information: I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente, University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the ?European Uremic Toxin working group? (EUTox) of the ?European Society for Artificial Organs? (ESAO) endorsed by the ?European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association? (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation. Funding Information: I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). Funding Information: J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors",

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doi = "10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119408",

language = "English",

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T1 - New mixed matrix membrane for the removal of urea from dialysate solution

AU - Geremia, Ilaria

AU - A.W. Jong, Jacobus

AU - van Nostrum, Cornelus F.

AU - Hennink, Wim E.

AU - G.F. Gerritsen, Karin

AU - Stamatialis, Dimitrios

N1 - Funding Information: D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente , University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the “European Uremic Toxin working group” (EUTox) of the “European Society for Artificial Organs” (ESAO) endorsed by the “European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association” (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. Funding Information: I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). D. Stamatialis and K. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support by the Strategic Alliance of the University of Twente, University of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht and the ?European Uremic Toxin working group? (EUTox) of the ?European Society for Artificial Organs? (ESAO) endorsed by the ?European Renal Association-European Dialysis Transplantation Association? (ERA-EDTA), of which D. Stamatialis is a member. J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation. Funding Information: I. Geremia acknowledges the financial support of Health-Holland TKI project NOVAMEM (project no: LSHM16059-SGF). Funding Information: J. A. W. Jong, C. F. van Nostrum, W. Hennink and K. G. F. Gerritsen acknowledge the financial support of Dutch organization for Scientific Research NWO-TTW (project no: 14433) and of the Dutch Kidney Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors

PY - 2021/12/15

Y1 - 2021/12/15

N2 - Urea removal is one of the biggest challenges in dialysate regeneration in Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK) devices. In this work, a new Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is developed for urea removal in WAK applications. The MMM consists of polystyrene-based ninhydrin particles within a polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer blend matrix. The MMM is prepared via dry-wet spinning technique and characterized in terms of its morphology via electron microscopy and clean water permeance. Urea removal is studied both in static and in dynamic conditions. Thanks to the good dispersion of small size ninhydrin particles (size < 63 µm), the MMM removed under static conditions, at 70 °C, 2.1 ± 0.1 mmol of urea per grams of particles at 24 h, while urea removal by the particles in suspension reached 1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/g under the same conditions. Importantly, in continuous recirculation experiments, performed at 70 °C using a laboratory scale module, the MMM removed 3.4 ± 0.3 mmol of urea per grams of particles, in 4 h, due to the high particle accessibility by urea within the membrane. Based on these results it is estimated that only 215 g of MMM are needed for removing the daily produced urea from spent dialysate (400 mmol) making MMM suitable for application to WAK, where miniaturization and lightweight are required.

AB - Urea removal is one of the biggest challenges in dialysate regeneration in Wearable Artificial Kidney (WAK) devices. In this work, a new Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is developed for urea removal in WAK applications. The MMM consists of polystyrene-based ninhydrin particles within a polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer blend matrix. The MMM is prepared via dry-wet spinning technique and characterized in terms of its morphology via electron microscopy and clean water permeance. Urea removal is studied both in static and in dynamic conditions. Thanks to the good dispersion of small size ninhydrin particles (size < 63 µm), the MMM removed under static conditions, at 70 °C, 2.1 ± 0.1 mmol of urea per grams of particles at 24 h, while urea removal by the particles in suspension reached 1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/g under the same conditions. Importantly, in continuous recirculation experiments, performed at 70 °C using a laboratory scale module, the MMM removed 3.4 ± 0.3 mmol of urea per grams of particles, in 4 h, due to the high particle accessibility by urea within the membrane. Based on these results it is estimated that only 215 g of MMM are needed for removing the daily produced urea from spent dialysate (400 mmol) making MMM suitable for application to WAK, where miniaturization and lightweight are required.

KW - Dialysate

KW - Haemodialysis

KW - Mixed Matrix Membrane

KW - Ninhydrin

KW - Urea

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U2 - 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119408

DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119408

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85112374255

SN - 1383-5866

VL - 277

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EP - 6

JO - Separation and Purification Technology

JF - Separation and Purification Technology

M1 - 119408

ER -

New mixed matrix membrane for the removal of urea from dialysate solution

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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