Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

Heinz Leitgöb*, Daniel Seddig, Tihomir Asparouhov, Dorothée Behr, Eldad Davidov, Kim De Roover, Suzanne Jak, Katharina Meitinger, Natalja Menold, Bengt Muthén, Maksim Rudnev, Peter Schmidt, Rens van de Schoot

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

This review summarizes the current state of the art of statistical and (survey) methodological research on measurement (non)invariance, which is considered a core challenge for the comparative social sciences. After outlining the historical roots, conceptual details, and standard procedures for measurement invariance testing, the paper focuses in particular on the statistical developments that have been achieved in the last 10 years. These include Bayesian approximate measurement invariance, the alignment method, measurement invariance testing within the multilevel modeling framework, mixture multigroup factor analysis, the measurement invariance explorer, and the response shift-true change decomposition approach. Furthermore, the contribution of survey methodological research to the construction of invariant measurement instruments is explicitly addressed and highlighted, including the issues of design decisions, pretesting, scale adoption, and translation. The paper ends with an outlook on future research perspectives.

Original languageEnglish
Article number102805
Number of pages30
JournalSocial Science Research
Volume110
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2023

Keywords

  • Comparative research
  • Item bias
  • Measurement invariance
  • Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis
  • Noninvariance detection
  • Scale construction

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