Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary

Maud J.M. Meijers; Ferhat Kaya; Ahmet A. Peynircioğlu; Faysal Bibi; Cesur Pehlevan; Andreas Mulch; Cor G. Langereis

doi:10.1127/nos/2021/0623

Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary

Maud J.M. Meijers^*, Ferhat Kaya, Ahmet A. Peynircioğlu, Faysal Bibi, Cesur Pehlevan, Andreas Mulch, Cor G. Langereis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

This study provides a new magnetostratigraphy for the stratigraphic interval that includes the late Miocene Haliminhanı and Hayranlı mammal fossil assemblages of the Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). The fossil assemblages show high faunal similarities to the Pikermian chronofauna, which forms part of the Old World Savannah Paleobiome that formed during a time of global cooling, aridification, and grassland expansion. Previous biostratigraphic age estimates placed the fossil horizons within European Mammal Neogene (MN) zones MN11-MN12, which tentatively places the Anatolian Haliminhanı and Hayranlı localities in the ca. 9 to 7 Ma time interval. Nearby dated sites harboring Pikermian fauna in Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria range in age between 11 and 7.3 Ma. Our new magnetostratigraphy in 140 m thick fluviolacustrine deposits refines the age estimate for the Sivas Basin to 8.0–6.5 Ma for the Haliminhanı and Hayranlı fossil mammal-bearing levels. Published bulk carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of the fluvio-lacustrine beds indicate a positive water balance and suggest no significant long-term changes in hydrology and primary productivity within the former Sivas Basin lake. Further inspection of the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values shows two intervals of increased δ¹³C (by ca. 6–8‰) that are followed by a similar decrease over total time intervals of ca. 150 kyr. The increase in δ¹³C in a lacustrine carbonate can be related to an increase in biogenic productivity, which may result from changes in nutrient input and temperature. The absence of simultaneous changes in δ¹⁸O during peaks in δ¹³C make temperature an unlikely driver and we surmise that adjustments to nutrient input to the basin were responsible for changes in δ¹³C. Overall, the results suggest that the Pikermian chronofauna of the Sivas Basin thrived under relatively stable local hydrological and climatic conditions. At Haliminhanı, the Pikermian fauna flourished well into the Messinian, as opposed to Greek and Bulgarian sites where faunal turnover was proposed to have occurred under a cooling climate and aridification across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary.

Original language	English
Article number	ESP026005503001
Pages (from-to)	285-310
Number of pages	26
Journal	Newsletters on Stratigraphy
Volume	55
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2021/0623
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank Ömer Balak for field and lab work assistance, as well as Gilles Brocard and Côme Lefebvre for their help in the field; we acknowledge the support through the NSF CD program (EAR-1109762) ‘Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)’ to D. L. Whitney and C. Teyssier (University of Minnesota), the Finnish Cultural Foundation (0116947-3) to F. Kaya, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Gebrüder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, Germany.

Funding

Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank Ömer Balak for field and lab work assistance, as well as Gilles Brocard and Côme Lefebvre for their help in the field; we acknowledge the support through the NSF CD program (EAR-1109762) ‘Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)’ to D. L. Whitney and C. Teyssier (University of Minnesota), the Finnish Cultural Foundation (0116947-3) to F. Kaya, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).

Keywords

central Anatolia
late Miocene
magnetostratigraphy
mammal stratigraphy
Pikermian
stable isotope geochemistry

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Meijers, M. J. M., Kaya, F., Peynircioğlu, A. A., Bibi, F., Pehlevan, C., Mulch, A., & Langereis, C. G. (2022). Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 55(3), 285-310. Article ESP026005503001. https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2021/0623

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title = "Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary",

abstract = "This study provides a new magnetostratigraphy for the stratigraphic interval that includes the late Miocene Haliminhanı and Hayranlı mammal fossil assemblages of the Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). The fossil assemblages show high faunal similarities to the Pikermian chronofauna, which forms part of the Old World Savannah Paleobiome that formed during a time of global cooling, aridification, and grassland expansion. Previous biostratigraphic age estimates placed the fossil horizons within European Mammal Neogene (MN) zones MN11-MN12, which tentatively places the Anatolian Haliminhanı and Hayranlı localities in the ca. 9 to 7 Ma time interval. Nearby dated sites harboring Pikermian fauna in Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria range in age between 11 and 7.3 Ma. Our new magnetostratigraphy in 140 m thick fluviolacustrine deposits refines the age estimate for the Sivas Basin to 8.0–6.5 Ma for the Haliminhanı and Hayranlı fossil mammal-bearing levels. Published bulk carbonate δ13C and δ18O values of the fluvio-lacustrine beds indicate a positive water balance and suggest no significant long-term changes in hydrology and primary productivity within the former Sivas Basin lake. Further inspection of the δ13C and δ18O values shows two intervals of increased δ13C (by ca. 6–8‰) that are followed by a similar decrease over total time intervals of ca. 150 kyr. The increase in δ13C in a lacustrine carbonate can be related to an increase in biogenic productivity, which may result from changes in nutrient input and temperature. The absence of simultaneous changes in δ18O during peaks in δ13C make temperature an unlikely driver and we surmise that adjustments to nutrient input to the basin were responsible for changes in δ13C. Overall, the results suggest that the Pikermian chronofauna of the Sivas Basin thrived under relatively stable local hydrological and climatic conditions. At Haliminhanı, the Pikermian fauna flourished well into the Messinian, as opposed to Greek and Bulgarian sites where faunal turnover was proposed to have occurred under a cooling climate and aridification across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary.",

keywords = "central Anatolia, late Miocene, magnetostratigraphy, mammal stratigraphy, Pikermian, stable isotope geochemistry",

author = "Meijers, \{Maud J.M.\} and Ferhat Kaya and Peynircioğlu, \{Ahmet A.\} and Faysal Bibi and Cesur Pehlevan and Andreas Mulch and Langereis, \{Cor G.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank {\"O}mer Balak for field and lab work assistance, as well as Gilles Brocard and C{\^o}me Lefebvre for their help in the field; we acknowledge the support through the NSF CD program (EAR-1109762) {\textquoteleft}Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT){\textquoteright} to D. L. Whitney and C. Teyssier (University of Minnesota), the Finnish Cultural Foundation (0116947-3) to F. Kaya, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Gebr{\"u}der Borntraeger, Stuttgart, Germany.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1127/nos/2021/0623",

language = "English",

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Meijers, MJM, Kaya, F, Peynircioğlu, AA, Bibi, F, Pehlevan, C, Mulch, A & Langereis, CG 2022, 'Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary', Newsletters on Stratigraphy, vol. 55, no. 3, ESP026005503001, pp. 285-310. https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2021/0623

Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary. / Meijers, Maud J.M.; Kaya, Ferhat; Peynircioğlu, Ahmet A. et al.
In: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, Vol. 55, No. 3, ESP026005503001, 15.06.2022, p. 285-310.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey)

T2 - fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary

AU - Meijers, Maud J.M.

AU - Kaya, Ferhat

AU - Peynircioğlu, Ahmet A.

AU - Bibi, Faysal

AU - Pehlevan, Cesur

AU - Mulch, Andreas

AU - Langereis, Cor G.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank Ömer Balak for field and lab work assistance, as well as Gilles Brocard and Côme Lefebvre for their help in the field; we acknowledge the support through the NSF CD program (EAR-1109762) ‘Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)’ to D. L. Whitney and C. Teyssier (University of Minnesota), the Finnish Cultural Foundation (0116947-3) to F. Kaya, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Gebrüder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, Germany.

PY - 2022/6/15

Y1 - 2022/6/15

N2 - This study provides a new magnetostratigraphy for the stratigraphic interval that includes the late Miocene Haliminhanı and Hayranlı mammal fossil assemblages of the Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). The fossil assemblages show high faunal similarities to the Pikermian chronofauna, which forms part of the Old World Savannah Paleobiome that formed during a time of global cooling, aridification, and grassland expansion. Previous biostratigraphic age estimates placed the fossil horizons within European Mammal Neogene (MN) zones MN11-MN12, which tentatively places the Anatolian Haliminhanı and Hayranlı localities in the ca. 9 to 7 Ma time interval. Nearby dated sites harboring Pikermian fauna in Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria range in age between 11 and 7.3 Ma. Our new magnetostratigraphy in 140 m thick fluviolacustrine deposits refines the age estimate for the Sivas Basin to 8.0–6.5 Ma for the Haliminhanı and Hayranlı fossil mammal-bearing levels. Published bulk carbonate δ13C and δ18O values of the fluvio-lacustrine beds indicate a positive water balance and suggest no significant long-term changes in hydrology and primary productivity within the former Sivas Basin lake. Further inspection of the δ13C and δ18O values shows two intervals of increased δ13C (by ca. 6–8‰) that are followed by a similar decrease over total time intervals of ca. 150 kyr. The increase in δ13C in a lacustrine carbonate can be related to an increase in biogenic productivity, which may result from changes in nutrient input and temperature. The absence of simultaneous changes in δ18O during peaks in δ13C make temperature an unlikely driver and we surmise that adjustments to nutrient input to the basin were responsible for changes in δ13C. Overall, the results suggest that the Pikermian chronofauna of the Sivas Basin thrived under relatively stable local hydrological and climatic conditions. At Haliminhanı, the Pikermian fauna flourished well into the Messinian, as opposed to Greek and Bulgarian sites where faunal turnover was proposed to have occurred under a cooling climate and aridification across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary.

AB - This study provides a new magnetostratigraphy for the stratigraphic interval that includes the late Miocene Haliminhanı and Hayranlı mammal fossil assemblages of the Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). The fossil assemblages show high faunal similarities to the Pikermian chronofauna, which forms part of the Old World Savannah Paleobiome that formed during a time of global cooling, aridification, and grassland expansion. Previous biostratigraphic age estimates placed the fossil horizons within European Mammal Neogene (MN) zones MN11-MN12, which tentatively places the Anatolian Haliminhanı and Hayranlı localities in the ca. 9 to 7 Ma time interval. Nearby dated sites harboring Pikermian fauna in Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria range in age between 11 and 7.3 Ma. Our new magnetostratigraphy in 140 m thick fluviolacustrine deposits refines the age estimate for the Sivas Basin to 8.0–6.5 Ma for the Haliminhanı and Hayranlı fossil mammal-bearing levels. Published bulk carbonate δ13C and δ18O values of the fluvio-lacustrine beds indicate a positive water balance and suggest no significant long-term changes in hydrology and primary productivity within the former Sivas Basin lake. Further inspection of the δ13C and δ18O values shows two intervals of increased δ13C (by ca. 6–8‰) that are followed by a similar decrease over total time intervals of ca. 150 kyr. The increase in δ13C in a lacustrine carbonate can be related to an increase in biogenic productivity, which may result from changes in nutrient input and temperature. The absence of simultaneous changes in δ18O during peaks in δ13C make temperature an unlikely driver and we surmise that adjustments to nutrient input to the basin were responsible for changes in δ13C. Overall, the results suggest that the Pikermian chronofauna of the Sivas Basin thrived under relatively stable local hydrological and climatic conditions. At Haliminhanı, the Pikermian fauna flourished well into the Messinian, as opposed to Greek and Bulgarian sites where faunal turnover was proposed to have occurred under a cooling climate and aridification across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary.

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KW - late Miocene

KW - magnetostratigraphy

KW - mammal stratigraphy

KW - Pikermian

KW - stable isotope geochemistry

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Meijers MJM, Kaya F, Peynircioğlu AA, Bibi F, Pehlevan C, Mulch A et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary. Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 2022 Jun 15;55(3):285-310. ESP026005503001. doi: 10.1127/nos/2021/0623

Magnetostratigraphy of the Pikermian fauna-bearing late Miocene Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under stable climatic conditions across the Tortonian-Messinian boundary

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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