Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones

Dirk Jonker; Ketki Srivastava; Marta Lafuente; Arturo Susarrey-Arce; Ward van der Stam; Albert van den Berg; Mathieu Odijk; Han J.G.E. Gardeniers

doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c01249

Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones

Dirk Jonker^*
, Ketki Srivastava^*
, Marta Lafuente
, Arturo Susarrey-Arce
, Ward van der Stam
, Albert van den Berg
, Mathieu Odijk
, Han J.G.E. Gardeniers

^*Corresponding author for this work

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis

University of Twente

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁷ (99% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	9657-9669
Number of pages	13
Journal	ACS Applied Nano Materials
Volume	6
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c01249
Publication status	Published - 9 Jun 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
D.J. and K.S. would like to acknowledge the help of B.T.H. Borgelink and M. Dikkers with the DR GLAD deposition, M. Goodwin for fabricating the FIB cross section and collection of SEM–EDX data, and J. Bomer for assisting with the annealing processes. All authors acknowledge the financial support by the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801359.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

Funding

D.J. and K.S. would like to acknowledge the help of B.T.H. Borgelink and M. Dikkers with the DR GLAD deposition, M. Goodwin for fabricating the FIB cross section and collection of SEM–EDX data, and J. Bomer for assisting with the annealing processes. All authors acknowledge the financial support by the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801359.

Keywords

gold nanoparticles
homogeneity
plasmonics
silicon nanocones
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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10.1021/acsanm.3c01249Licence: CC BY

jonker-et-al-2023-low-variance-surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy-using-confined-gold-nanoparticles-over-siliconFinal published version, 8.72 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones",

abstract = "Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 107 (99\% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4\%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.",

keywords = "gold nanoparticles, homogeneity, plasmonics, silicon nanocones, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy",

author = "Dirk Jonker and Ketki Srivastava and Marta Lafuente and Arturo Susarrey-Arce and \{van der Stam\}, Ward and \{van den Berg\}, Albert and Mathieu Odijk and Gardeniers, \{Han J.G.E.\}",

note = "Funding Information: D.J. and K.S. would like to acknowledge the help of B.T.H. Borgelink and M. Dikkers with the DR GLAD deposition, M. Goodwin for fabricating the FIB cross section and collection of SEM–EDX data, and J. Bomer for assisting with the annealing processes. All authors acknowledge the financial support by the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme. This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801359. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.",

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doi = "10.1021/acsanm.3c01249",

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AU - Jonker, Dirk

AU - Srivastava, Ketki

AU - Lafuente, Marta

AU - Susarrey-Arce, Arturo

AU - van der Stam, Ward

AU - van den Berg, Albert

AU - Odijk, Mathieu

AU - Gardeniers, Han J.G.E.

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PY - 2023/6/9

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N2 - Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 107 (99% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.

AB - Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are of utmost interest in the analyte detection of biological and chemical diagnostics. This is primarily due to the ability of SERS to sensitively measure analytes present in localized hot spots of the SERS nanostructures. In this work, we present the formation of 67 ± 6 nm diameter gold nanoparticles supported by vertically aligned shell-insulated silicon nanocones for ultralow variance SERS. The nanoparticles are obtained through discrete rotation glancing angle deposition of gold in an e-beam evaporating system. The morphology is assessed through focused ion beam tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties are discussed and evaluated through reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Lastly, the SERS activity is measured by benzenethiol functionalization and subsequent Raman spectroscopy in the surface scanning mode. We report a homogeneous analytical enhancement factor of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 107 (99% confidence interval for N = 400 grid spots) and made a comparison to other lithographically derived assemblies used in SERS. The strikingly low variance (4%) of our substrates facilitates its use for many potential SERS applications.

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KW - plasmonics

KW - silicon nanocones

KW - surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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DO - 10.1021/acsanm.3c01249

M3 - Article

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JO - ACS Applied Nano Materials

JF - ACS Applied Nano Materials

IS - 11

ER -

Low-Variance Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Confined Gold Nanoparticles over Silicon Nanocones

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Keywords

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