Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM
        2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.

Gudrun Weinmayr; Jie Chen; Andrea Jaensch; Lea Skodda; Sophia Rodopoulou; Maciej Strak; Kees de Hoogh; Zorana J Andersen; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Karin Leander; Patrik K E Magnusson; Göran Pershagen; Debora Rizzuto; Evangelia Samoli; Gianluca Severi; Massimo Stafoggia; Anne Tjønneland; Roel Vermeulen; Kathrin Wolf; Emanuel Zitt; Bert Brunekreef; George Thurston; Gerard Hoek; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Gabriele Nagel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789

Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.

Gudrun Weinmayr^*, Jie Chen, Andrea Jaensch, Lea Skodda, Sophia Rodopoulou, Maciej Strak, Kees de Hoogh, Zorana J Andersen, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Karin Leander, Patrik K E MagnussonGöran Pershagen, Debora Rizzuto, Evangelia Samoli, Gianluca Severi, Massimo Stafoggia, Anne Tjønneland, Roel Vermeulen, Kathrin Wolf, Emanuel Zitt, Bert Brunekreef, George Thurston, Gerard Hoek, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Gabriele Nagel

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

It is unclear whether cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and gastric cancer are related to air pollution, due to few studies with inconsistent results. The effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary across locations due to different source contributions and related PM compositions, and it is not clear which PM constituents/sources are most relevant from a consideration of overall mass concentration alone. We therefore investigated the association of UADT and gastric cancers with PM 2.5 elemental constituents and sources components indicative of different sources within a large multicentre population based epidemiological study. Cohorts with at least 10 cases per cohort led to ten and eight cohorts from five countries contributing to UADT- and gastric cancer analysis, respectively. Outcome ascertainment was based on cancer registry data or data of comparable quality. We assigned home address exposure to eight elemental constituents (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) estimated from Europe-wide exposure models, and five source components identified by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). Cox regression models were run with age as time scale, stratified for sex and cohort and adjusted for relevant individual and neighbourhood level confounders. We observed 1139 UADT and 872 gastric cancer cases during a mean follow-up of 18.3 and 18.5 years, respectively. UADT cancer incidence was associated with all constituents except K in single element analyses. After adjustment for NO 2, only Ni and V remained associated with UADT. Residual oil combustion and traffic source components were associated with UADT cancer persisting in the multiple source model. No associations were found for any of the elements or source components and gastric cancer incidence. Our results indicate an association of several PM constituents indicative of different sources with UADT but not gastric cancer incidence with the most robust evidence for traffic and residual oil combustion.

Original language	English
Article number	168789
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Number of pages	12
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	912
Early online date	21 Nov 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789
Publication status	Published - 20 Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

The research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organisation jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award No. R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers.The analyses on gastric and UADT cancers were supported by the German Cancer Aid (Project No. 70114601).

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	R-82811201
Deutsche Krebshilfe	70114601

Keywords

Air pollution
Gastric cancer
Long-term exposure
PM composition
PM sources
Particulate matter (PM)
Upper aerodigestive tract cancer

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Weinmayr, G., Chen, J., Jaensch, A., Skodda, L., Rodopoulou, S., Strak, M., de Hoogh, K., Andersen, Z. J., Bellander, T., Brandt, J., Fecht, D., Forastiere, F., Gulliver, J., Hertel, O., Hoffmann, B., Hvidtfeldt, U. A., Katsouyanni, K., Ketzel, M., Leander, K., ... Nagel, G. (2024). Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project. Science of the Total Environment, 912, 1-12. Article 168789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789

@article{70a47ef12679472f99d6989db4ec7ab5,

title = "Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.",

abstract = "It is unclear whether cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and gastric cancer are related to air pollution, due to few studies with inconsistent results. The effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary across locations due to different source contributions and related PM compositions, and it is not clear which PM constituents/sources are most relevant from a consideration of overall mass concentration alone. We therefore investigated the association of UADT and gastric cancers with PM 2.5 elemental constituents and sources components indicative of different sources within a large multicentre population based epidemiological study. Cohorts with at least 10 cases per cohort led to ten and eight cohorts from five countries contributing to UADT- and gastric cancer analysis, respectively. Outcome ascertainment was based on cancer registry data or data of comparable quality. We assigned home address exposure to eight elemental constituents (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) estimated from Europe-wide exposure models, and five source components identified by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). Cox regression models were run with age as time scale, stratified for sex and cohort and adjusted for relevant individual and neighbourhood level confounders. We observed 1139 UADT and 872 gastric cancer cases during a mean follow-up of 18.3 and 18.5 years, respectively. UADT cancer incidence was associated with all constituents except K in single element analyses. After adjustment for NO 2, only Ni and V remained associated with UADT. Residual oil combustion and traffic source components were associated with UADT cancer persisting in the multiple source model. No associations were found for any of the elements or source components and gastric cancer incidence. Our results indicate an association of several PM constituents indicative of different sources with UADT but not gastric cancer incidence with the most robust evidence for traffic and residual oil combustion. ",

keywords = "Air pollution, Gastric cancer, Long-term exposure, PM composition, PM sources, Particulate matter (PM), Upper aerodigestive tract cancer",

author = "Gudrun Weinmayr and Jie Chen and Andrea Jaensch and Lea Skodda and Sophia Rodopoulou and Maciej Strak and {de Hoogh}, Kees and Andersen, {Zorana J} and Tom Bellander and J{\o}rgen Brandt and Daniela Fecht and Francesco Forastiere and John Gulliver and Ole Hertel and Barbara Hoffmann and Hvidtfeldt, {Ulla Arthur} and Klea Katsouyanni and Matthias Ketzel and Karin Leander and Magnusson, {Patrik K E} and G{\"o}ran Pershagen and Debora Rizzuto and Evangelia Samoli and Gianluca Severi and Massimo Stafoggia and Anne Tj{\o}nneland and Roel Vermeulen and Kathrin Wolf and Emanuel Zitt and Bert Brunekreef and George Thurston and Gerard Hoek and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen and Gabriele Nagel",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789",

language = "English",

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Weinmayr, G, Chen, J, Jaensch, A, Skodda, L, Rodopoulou, S, Strak, M, de Hoogh, K, Andersen, ZJ, Bellander, T, Brandt, J, Fecht, D, Forastiere, F, Gulliver, J, Hertel, O, Hoffmann, B, Hvidtfeldt, UA, Katsouyanni, K, Ketzel, M, Leander, K, Magnusson, PKE, Pershagen, G, Rizzuto, D, Samoli, E, Severi, G, Stafoggia, M, Tjønneland, A, Vermeulen, R, Wolf, K, Zitt, E, Brunekreef, B, Thurston, G, Hoek, G, Raaschou-Nielsen, O & Nagel, G 2024, 'Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 912, 168789, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789

Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project. / Weinmayr, Gudrun; Chen, Jie; Jaensch, Andrea et al.
In: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 912, 168789, 20.02.2024, p. 1-12.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer

T2 - Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.

AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun

AU - Chen, Jie

AU - Jaensch, Andrea

AU - Skodda, Lea

AU - Rodopoulou, Sophia

AU - Strak, Maciej

AU - de Hoogh, Kees

AU - Andersen, Zorana J

AU - Bellander, Tom

AU - Brandt, Jørgen

AU - Fecht, Daniela

AU - Forastiere, Francesco

AU - Gulliver, John

AU - Hertel, Ole

AU - Hoffmann, Barbara

AU - Hvidtfeldt, Ulla Arthur

AU - Katsouyanni, Klea

AU - Ketzel, Matthias

AU - Leander, Karin

AU - Magnusson, Patrik K E

AU - Pershagen, Göran

AU - Rizzuto, Debora

AU - Samoli, Evangelia

AU - Severi, Gianluca

AU - Stafoggia, Massimo

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Vermeulen, Roel

AU - Wolf, Kathrin

AU - Zitt, Emanuel

AU - Brunekreef, Bert

AU - Thurston, George

AU - Hoek, Gerard

AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

AU - Nagel, Gabriele

PY - 2024/2/20

Y1 - 2024/2/20

N2 - It is unclear whether cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and gastric cancer are related to air pollution, due to few studies with inconsistent results. The effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary across locations due to different source contributions and related PM compositions, and it is not clear which PM constituents/sources are most relevant from a consideration of overall mass concentration alone. We therefore investigated the association of UADT and gastric cancers with PM 2.5 elemental constituents and sources components indicative of different sources within a large multicentre population based epidemiological study. Cohorts with at least 10 cases per cohort led to ten and eight cohorts from five countries contributing to UADT- and gastric cancer analysis, respectively. Outcome ascertainment was based on cancer registry data or data of comparable quality. We assigned home address exposure to eight elemental constituents (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) estimated from Europe-wide exposure models, and five source components identified by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). Cox regression models were run with age as time scale, stratified for sex and cohort and adjusted for relevant individual and neighbourhood level confounders. We observed 1139 UADT and 872 gastric cancer cases during a mean follow-up of 18.3 and 18.5 years, respectively. UADT cancer incidence was associated with all constituents except K in single element analyses. After adjustment for NO 2, only Ni and V remained associated with UADT. Residual oil combustion and traffic source components were associated with UADT cancer persisting in the multiple source model. No associations were found for any of the elements or source components and gastric cancer incidence. Our results indicate an association of several PM constituents indicative of different sources with UADT but not gastric cancer incidence with the most robust evidence for traffic and residual oil combustion.

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KW - PM composition

KW - PM sources

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Weinmayr G, Chen J, Jaensch A, Skodda L, Rodopoulou S, Strak M et al. Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project. Science of the Total Environment. 2024 Feb 20;912:1-12. 168789. Epub 2023 Nov 21. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789