TY - JOUR
T1 - Livestock-associated MRSA in household members of pig farmers
T2 - transmission and dynamics of carriage, a prospective cohort study
AU - van Cleef, Brigitte A G L
AU - van Benthem, Birgit H B
AU - Verkade, Erwin J M
AU - van Rijen, Miranda M L
AU - Kluytmans-van den Bergh, Marjolein F Q
AU - Graveland, Haitske
AU - Bosch, Thijs
AU - Verstappen, Koen M H W
AU - Wagenaar, Jaap A
AU - Bos, Marian E H
AU - Heederik, Dick
AU - Kluytmans, Jan A J W
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - This prospective cohort study describes carriage of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in household members from 49 farrowing pig farms in the Netherlands (2010-2011). Of 171 household members, 4% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers, and the MRSA prevalence on any given sampling moment was 10% (range 7-11%). Working in the stables (of which 98% was MRSA-positive, prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.11 per 10 hours), working with sows (PR=1.97), and living with an MRSA-positive pig farmer (PR=4.63) were significant determinants for MRSA carriage. Significant protective factors w000354917300100ere carriage of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (PR=0.50), and wearing a facemask when working in the stables (37% decreased prevalence). All MRSA strains during the study period were known livestock-associated types. The bacteriophage φ3 was not found in household members. Transmission from pigs and the environment appeared to be important determinants; human-to-human transmission could not sufficiently be differentiated. Wearing a facemask when working in the stables and carriage of MSSA are potential interventional targets.
AB - This prospective cohort study describes carriage of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in household members from 49 farrowing pig farms in the Netherlands (2010-2011). Of 171 household members, 4% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers, and the MRSA prevalence on any given sampling moment was 10% (range 7-11%). Working in the stables (of which 98% was MRSA-positive, prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.11 per 10 hours), working with sows (PR=1.97), and living with an MRSA-positive pig farmer (PR=4.63) were significant determinants for MRSA carriage. Significant protective factors w000354917300100ere carriage of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (PR=0.50), and wearing a facemask when working in the stables (37% decreased prevalence). All MRSA strains during the study period were known livestock-associated types. The bacteriophage φ3 was not found in household members. Transmission from pigs and the environment appeared to be important determinants; human-to-human transmission could not sufficiently be differentiated. Wearing a facemask when working in the stables and carriage of MSSA are potential interventional targets.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127190
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127190
M3 - Article
C2 - 25993665
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 10
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
IS - 5
M1 - e0127190
ER -