@inbook{b6760aec62c44080b5ca613d1f04e2a9,
title = "Leonardo's Drawings of Busts of Old Men and Women with Monstrous Faces: Satire as Moral Criticism",
abstract = "In the first essay, Michael Kwakkelstein seizes upon Leonardo keen fascination for drawing profile heads with the expressive qualities of facial morphology, particularly of those individuals with uncommon or misshapen features. His practice of drawing deformed heads from direct observation later expanded to include heads informed by his own imagination. The latter date to Leonardo{\textquoteright}s time in Milan, a period marked by his growing frustration with court life. It is possible that these images also served as satirical and moralizing outlet.",
keywords = "caricature, physiognomy, humor in the renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci, drawing practice, Satire",
author = "Michael Kwakkelstein and Lucia Tantardini and Rebecca Norris",
year = "2023",
month = dec,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1163/9789004679757\_003",
language = "English",
volume = "68",
series = "Brill's Studies on Art, Art History, and Intellectual History",
publisher = "Brill",
pages = "13--37",
booktitle = "Grotesque and Caricature",
address = "Netherlands",
}