Law, Justice and a Potential Security Gap: The ‘Organization’ Requirement in International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law

This article explores the ‘organizational’ or ‘organization’ criterion for both noninternational armed conflict under international humanitarian law (IHL) and
crimes against humanity under international criminal law (ICL) and considers
how it affects the ability to address armed violence carried out by armed non-
State actors. It considers whether armed groups operating under a non-conventional structure, or outside the IHL framework, fall outside the reach of ICL, thereby constituting a potential security gap. It concludes that it is important to ensure that the organization requirements under IHL and ICL remain distinct to ensure that in situations outside a non-international armed conflict, the law allows
for both sides to be prosecuted.