‘Keep Europe for the Europeans’. The Role of Threat Perceptions and Intergroup Contact for Explaining Attitudes towards Immigrants in Hungary

Michèlle Bal*, Eszter Aradi, Mara A. Yerkes

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

In 2015, the inflow of immigrants to Europe increased dramatically. More than 1 million people fled from wars and conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, particularly affecting transit countries along the Western Balkan route. Of all the transit countries, the Hungarian government was particularly vocal in its negative attitude towards immigrants, launching several anti-immigration campaigns which had a detrimental effect on residents’ hostility towards these immigrants. In this study, we focus on the mechanisms behind this increased hostility in a transit-country context by combining insights from integrated-threat theory and contact theory. We find that perceptions of realistic and symbolic threat increased negative attitudes towards immigrants. Importantly, these threat perceptions were shaped by people’s positions in society and personal circumstances, in combination with their contact with immigrants. Specifically, in the harsh and negative Hungarian context, contact negatively influenced threat perceptions, especially amongst people who were at risk of experiencing negative consequences supposedly caused by the influx of immigrants. This in-depth country case study emphasises the importance of contextualising research findings on attitudes towards immigration in a broader social and political context.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)89-107
Number of pages19
JournalCentral and Eastern European Migration Review
Volume13
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jun 2024

Keywords

  • attitudes towards immigrants
  • Hungary
  • intergroup contact
  • realistic threat
  • socio-demographic variables
  • symbolic threat

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