Isolating perturbative QCD splittings in heavy-ion collisions

We define a new strategy to scan jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions. The scope is multifold: (i) test the dominance of vacuum jet dynamics at early times, (ii) capture the transition from coherent to incoherent jet energy loss, and (iii) study elastic scatterings in the medium, which are either hard and perturbative or soft and responsible for jet thermalization. To achieve that, we analyze the angular distribution of the hardest splitting, θhard, above a transverse momentum scale, ktmin, in high-pt jets. Sufficiently high values of ktmin target the regime in which the observable is uniquely determined by vacuumlike splittings and energy loss, leaving the jet substructure unmodified compared to proton-proton collisions. Decreasing ktmin enhances the sensitivity to the relation between energy loss and the intrajet structure and, in particular, to observe signatures of color decoherence at small angles. At wider angles it also becomes sensitive to hard elastic scatterings with the medium and, therefore, the perturbative regime of medium response. Choosing ktmin≈0 leads to order one effects of nonperturbative origin such as hadronization and, potentially, soft scatterings responsible for jet thermalization. We perform a comprehensive analysis of this observable with three state-of-the-art jet-quenching Monte Carlo event generators. Our study paves the way for defining jet observables in heavy-ion collisions dominated by perturbative QCD and thus calculable from first principles.