TY - JOUR
T1 - Intraspecific variation in multiple trait responses of Alexandrium ostenfeldii towards elevated pCO2
AU - Brandenburg, Karen M.
AU - Krock, Bernd
AU - Klip, Helena C.L.
AU - Sluijs, Appy
AU - Garbeva, Paolina
AU - Van de Waal, Dedmer B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Nico Helmsing for technical support and sample analyses. In addition, the authors thank Annegret Müller for analyses of PSP toxins, and Arnold van Dijk (Utrecht University) for δ 13 C DIC analyses. The authors also thank Hans Zweers for measuring VOCs on the GC-QTOF. The work of KB is funded by the Gieskes-Strijbis Foundation and the study was partially supported by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren through the research program PACES II of the Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. AS thanks the European Research Council for Consolidator Grant 771497.
Funding Information:
The authors thank Nico Helmsing for technical support and sample analyses. In addition, the authors thank Annegret M?ller for analyses of PSP toxins, and Arnold van Dijk (Utrecht University) for ?13C DIC analyses. The authors also thank Hans Zweers for measuring VOCs on the GC-QTOF. The work of KB is funded by the Gieskes-Strijbis Foundation and the study was partially supported by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren through the research program PACES II of the Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum f?r Polar- und Meeresforschung. AS thanks the European Research Council for Consolidator Grant 771497.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Dissolved oceanic CO2 concentrations are rising as result of increasing atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), which has large consequences for phytoplankton. To test how higher CO2 availability affects different traits of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii, we exposed three strains of the same population to 400 and 1,000 µatm CO2, and measured traits including growth rate, cell volume, elemental composition, 13C fractionation, toxin content, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Strains largely increased their growth rates and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen production with higher pCO2 and showed significant changes in their VOC profile. One strain showed a significant decrease in both PSP and cyclic imine content and thereby in cellular toxicity. Fractionation against 13C increased in response to elevated pCO2, which may point towards enhanced CO2 acquisition and/or a downscaling of the carbon concentrating mechanisms. Besides consistent responses in some traits, other traits showed large variation in both direction and strength of responses towards elevated pCO2. The observed intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity of important functional traits within the same population may help A. ostenfeldii to negate the effects of immediate environmental fluctuations and allow populations to adapt more quickly to changing environments.
AB - Dissolved oceanic CO2 concentrations are rising as result of increasing atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), which has large consequences for phytoplankton. To test how higher CO2 availability affects different traits of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii, we exposed three strains of the same population to 400 and 1,000 µatm CO2, and measured traits including growth rate, cell volume, elemental composition, 13C fractionation, toxin content, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Strains largely increased their growth rates and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen production with higher pCO2 and showed significant changes in their VOC profile. One strain showed a significant decrease in both PSP and cyclic imine content and thereby in cellular toxicity. Fractionation against 13C increased in response to elevated pCO2, which may point towards enhanced CO2 acquisition and/or a downscaling of the carbon concentrating mechanisms. Besides consistent responses in some traits, other traits showed large variation in both direction and strength of responses towards elevated pCO2. The observed intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity of important functional traits within the same population may help A. ostenfeldii to negate the effects of immediate environmental fluctuations and allow populations to adapt more quickly to changing environments.
KW - Alexandrium ostenfeldii
KW - Harmful algal blooms
KW - Ocean acidification
KW - Phenotypic plasticity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100172772&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101970
DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101970
M3 - Article
C2 - 33526186
AN - SCOPUS:85100172772
SN - 1568-9883
VL - 101
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Harmful Algae
JF - Harmful Algae
M1 - 101970
ER -