Abstract
This paper presents a longitudinal study of more than ten years of activity on Instagram consisting of over a million posts by 400 content creators from four countries: the US, Brazil, Netherlands and Germany. Our study shows differences in the professionalisation of content monetisation between countries, yet consistent patterns; significant differences in the frequency of posts yet similar user engagement trends; and significant differences in the disclosure of sponsored content in some countries, with a direct connection with national legislation. We analyse shifts in marketing strategies due to legislative and platform feature changes, focusing on how content creators adapt disclosure methods to different legal environments. We also analyse the impact of disclosures and sponsored posts on engagement and conclude that, although sponsored posts have lower engagement on average, properly disclosing ads does not reduce engagement further. Our observations stress the importance of disclosure compliance and can guide authorities in developing and monitoring them more effectively.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 100298 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-14 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Online Social Networks and Media |
Volume | 45 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024
Keywords
- Advertising disclosure
- Influencer marketing
- Legal compliance
- Self-disclosure practices