TY - JOUR
T1 - Imaging mass spectrometry at cellular length scales
AU - Altelaar, A. F.Maarten
AU - Luxembourg, Stefan L.
AU - McDonnell, Liam A.
AU - Piersma, Sander R.
AU - Heeren, Ron M.A.
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Ivo Klinkert for continued assistance with the imaging software tools, Alexander Broersen and Lennaert Klerk for developing PCA tools, Roger Adan and Linda Verhagen for access to their tissue sections and Mirjam Damen for assistance with the microprobe MALDI-IMS measurements. This work was carried out in the context of the Virtual Laboratory for e-Science project (http://www.vl-e.nl). This project is supported by a BSIK grant from the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OC&W) and is part of the ICT innovation program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (EZ). The Netherlands Proteomics Centre supported this project financially. This work is part of research program nr. 49 ‘‘Mass spectrometric imaging and structural analysis of biomacromolecules’’ of the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), which is supported financially by the Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO).
PY - 2007/5
Y1 - 2007/5
N2 - Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows the direct investigation of both the identity and the spatial distribution of the molecular content directly in tissue sections, single cells and many other biological surfaces. In this protocol, we present the steps required to retrieve the molecular information from tissue sections using matrix-enhanced (ME) and metal-assisted (MetA) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS. These techniques require specific sample preparation steps directed at optimal signal intensity with minimal redistribution or modification of the sample analytes. After careful sample preparation, different IMS methods offer a unique discovery tool in, for example, the investigation of (i) drug transport and uptake, (ii) biological processing steps and (iii) biomarker distributions. To extract the relevant information from the huge datasets produced by IMS, new bioinformatics approaches have been developed. The duration of the protocol is highly dependent on sample size and technique used, but on average takes approximately 5 h.
AB - Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows the direct investigation of both the identity and the spatial distribution of the molecular content directly in tissue sections, single cells and many other biological surfaces. In this protocol, we present the steps required to retrieve the molecular information from tissue sections using matrix-enhanced (ME) and metal-assisted (MetA) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS. These techniques require specific sample preparation steps directed at optimal signal intensity with minimal redistribution or modification of the sample analytes. After careful sample preparation, different IMS methods offer a unique discovery tool in, for example, the investigation of (i) drug transport and uptake, (ii) biological processing steps and (iii) biomarker distributions. To extract the relevant information from the huge datasets produced by IMS, new bioinformatics approaches have been developed. The duration of the protocol is highly dependent on sample size and technique used, but on average takes approximately 5 h.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34250199325&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/nprot.2007.117
DO - 10.1038/nprot.2007.117
M3 - Article
C2 - 17546014
AN - SCOPUS:34250199325
SN - 1754-2189
VL - 2
SP - 1185
EP - 1196
JO - Nature Protocols
JF - Nature Protocols
IS - 5
ER -