Abstract
Campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in Luxembourg during recent years. We sought to determine which Campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 Campylobacter jejuni and 136 C. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. A nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for domestic campylobacteriosis was also conducted, including 367 C. jejuni and 48 C. coli cases, and 624 controls. Risk factors were investigated by Campylobacter species, and for strains attributed to different sources using a combined case-control and source attribution analysis. 282 sequence types (STs) were identified: ST-21, ST-48, ST-572, ST-50 and ST-257 were prevailing. Most cases were attributed to poultry (61.2%) and ruminants (33.3%). Consuming chicken outside the home was the dominant risk factor for both Campylobacter species. Newly identified risk factors included contact with garden soil for either species, and consuming beef specifically for C. coli. Poultry-associated campylobacteriosis was linked to poultry consumption in wintertime, and ruminant-associated campylobacteriosis to tap-water provider type. Besides confirming chicken as campylobacteriosis primary source, additional evidence was found for other reservoirs and transmission routes.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 20939 |
Journal | Scientific Reports |
Volume | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10 Feb 2016 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Campylobacter
- Campylobacter Infections
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Environmental Microbiology
- Female
- Genotype
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Infant
- Luxembourg
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multilocus Sequence Typing
- Mutation
- Odds Ratio
- Population Surveillance
- Poultry
- Risk Factors
- Young Adult
- Historical Article
- Journal Article
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't