Het job demands-resources model: Overzicht en kritische beschouwing

The Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R model) has become popular among both researchers and practitioners. The current version of the model proposes that high job demands lead to strain and ill-health (the health impairment process), whereas high resources lead to increased motivation and productivity (the motivational process). We first review the model's development and its assumptions and then present an overview of the main findings obtained with the model. Although the model's predictions are largely supported, several critical comments can be made. These include the model's epistemological status, the differentiation between demands and resources, the role of personal resources, the interdependence of the health impairment and the motivational processes, the direction of causality, and the model's applicability at the collective/team level. Based on these issues, suggestions for future research on the JD-R model are proposed.