Ground-motion networks in the Groningen field: usability and consistency of surface recordings

Michail Ntinalexis; Julian J. Bommer; Elmer Ruigrok; Benjamin Edwards; Rui Pinho; Bernard Dost; António A. Correia; Jeroen Uilenreef; Peter J. Stafford; Jan van Elk

doi:10.1007/s10950-019-09870-x

Ground-motion networks in the Groningen field: usability and consistency of surface recordings

Michail Ntinalexis
, Julian J. Bommer^*
, Elmer Ruigrok
, Benjamin Edwards
, Rui Pinho
, Bernard Dost
, António A. Correia
, Jeroen Uilenreef
, Peter J. Stafford
, Jan van Elk

^*Corresponding author for this work

Independent Engineering Consultant
Imperial College London
University of Liverpool
University of Pavia
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
National Laboratory for Civil Engineering
Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Several strong-motion networks have been installed in the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands to record ground motions associated with induced earthquakes. There are now more than 450 permanent surface accelerographs plus a mobile array of 450 instruments, which, in addition to many instrumented boreholes, yield a wealth of data. The database of recordings has been of fundamental importance to the development of ground-motion models that form a key element of the seismic hazard and risk estimations for the field. In order to maximise the benefit that can be derived from these recordings, this study evaluates the usability of the recordings from the different networks, in general terms and specifically with regards to the frequency ranges with acceptable signal-to-noise ratios. The study also explores the consistency among the recordings from the different networks, highlighting in particular how a configuration error was identified and resolved. The largest accelerograph network consists of instruments housed in buildings around the field, frequently installed on the lower parts of walls rather than on the floor. A series of experiments were conducted, using additional instruments installed adjacent to these buildings and replicating the installation configuration in full-scale shake table tests, to identify the degree to which structural response contaminated the recordings. The general finding of these efforts was that for PGV and oscillator periods above 0.1 s, the response spectral ordinates from these recordings can be used with confidence.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1233-1253
Number of pages	21
Journal	Journal of Seismology
Volume	23
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-019-09870-x
Publication status	Published - 28 Oct 2019
Externally published	Yes

Funding

For their crucial help and support during the shake-table tests and in their preparation, we are grateful to Umberto Tomassetti, Francesco Graziotti and Stelios Kallioras of the University of Pavia and EUCENTRE. We are also grateful to the academic and technical staff of LNEC in Lisbon including Paulo X. Candeias, Alfredo Campos Costa and others without the work of which it would have been impossible to overcome the many technical difficulties that occurred during the preparation of both tests. For all?work carried out with the geophones, we would like to thank Wim van der Veen of NAM, as well as Jan Rossingh and Kira Asshof of Rossingh Geophysics for their cooperation and support in the exercises conducted at LNEC and in Groningen. We are very grateful to Eddie Siemerink for bringing us in contact with Rossingh Geophysics and arranging meetings in Assen and Gasselte in November 2017. We would also like to thank Xander Campman of Shell and Remco Romijn of NAM for their assistance in reading and using the geophone records. We are also very grateful to Editor-in-chief Mariano Garcia-Fernandez and the anonymous reviewer who provided constructive feedback that allowed us to improve the original manuscript.

Keywords

Accelerographs
Ground-motion recording
Induced seismicity
Recording networks

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10.1007/s10950-019-09870-xLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Ground-motion networks in the Groningen field: usability and consistency of surface recordings",

abstract = "Several strong-motion networks have been installed in the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands to record ground motions associated with induced earthquakes. There are now more than 450 permanent surface accelerographs plus a mobile array of 450 instruments, which, in addition to many instrumented boreholes, yield a wealth of data. The database of recordings has been of fundamental importance to the development of ground-motion models that form a key element of the seismic hazard and risk estimations for the field. In order to maximise the benefit that can be derived from these recordings, this study evaluates the usability of the recordings from the different networks, in general terms and specifically with regards to the frequency ranges with acceptable signal-to-noise ratios. The study also explores the consistency among the recordings from the different networks, highlighting in particular how a configuration error was identified and resolved. The largest accelerograph network consists of instruments housed in buildings around the field, frequently installed on the lower parts of walls rather than on the floor. A series of experiments were conducted, using additional instruments installed adjacent to these buildings and replicating the installation configuration in full-scale shake table tests, to identify the degree to which structural response contaminated the recordings. The general finding of these efforts was that for PGV and oscillator periods above 0.1 s, the response spectral ordinates from these recordings can be used with confidence.",

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Ground-motion networks in the Groningen field: usability and consistency of surface recordings

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Keywords

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