Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity

Jochem O Klompmaker; Gerard Hoek; Lizan D Bloemsma; Ulrike Gehring; Maciej Strak; Alet H Wijga; Carolien van den Brink; Bert Brunekreef; Erik Lebret; Nicole A H Janssen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027

Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity

Jochem O Klompmaker, Gerard Hoek, Lizan D Bloemsma, Ulrike Gehring, Maciej Strak, Alet H Wijga, Carolien van den Brink, Bert Brunekreef, Erik Lebret, Nicole A H Janssen

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].
Utrecht University
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles.

RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers.

CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	531-540
Number of pages	10
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	160
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027
Publication status	Published - Jan 2018

Keywords

Green space exposure
Surrounding greenness
Distance to park
Overweight
Physical activity

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027

1-s2.0-S0013935117310691-mainFinal published version, 1.05 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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title = "Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis.OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles.RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95\% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95\% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers.CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.",

keywords = "Green space exposure, Surrounding greenness, Distance to park, Overweight, Physical activity",

author = "Klompmaker, \{Jochem O\} and Gerard Hoek and Bloemsma, \{Lizan D\} and Ulrike Gehring and Maciej Strak and Wijga, \{Alet H\} and \{van den Brink\}, Carolien and Bert Brunekreef and Erik Lebret and Janssen, \{Nicole A H\}",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

pages = "531--540",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity

AU - Klompmaker, Jochem O

AU - Hoek, Gerard

AU - Bloemsma, Lizan D

AU - Gehring, Ulrike

AU - Strak, Maciej

AU - Wijga, Alet H

AU - van den Brink, Carolien

AU - Brunekreef, Bert

AU - Lebret, Erik

AU - Janssen, Nicole A H

PY - 2018/1

Y1 - 2018/1

N2 - INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis.OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles.RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers.CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.

AB - INTRODUCTION: In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis.OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles.RESULTS: The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers.CONCLUSION: Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.

KW - Green space exposure

KW - Surrounding greenness

KW - Distance to park

KW - Overweight

KW - Physical activity

U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027

M3 - Article

C2 - 29106952

SN - 0013-9351

VL - 160

SP - 531

EP - 540

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

ER -

Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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