Geologically constrained astronomical solutions for the Cenozoic era

Astronomical solutions provide insight into the Solar System's dynamical evolution and are indispensable tools in cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology. Constructing an absolute, fully calibrated astronomical time scale (ATS) has hitherto been hindered beyond ∼50 Ma because orbital calculations disagree before that age due to solar system chaos. We have recently developed a new approach that allows extending the fully calibrated astronomical time scale to ∼58 Ma. Here, we present geologic data and new astronomical solutions, extending our approach across the Paleocene epoch (∼66 to ∼56 Ma). New astronomical solutions were generated using numerical solar system integrations following our earlier work, which now provides geologically constrained astronomical solutions for the Cenozoic era (66-0 Ma). The orbital solutions are available to 300 Ma — we caution, however, that the time interval 300-66 Ma is unconstrained due to dynamical chaos in the solar system. We have tested the sensitivity of our new solutions to various parameters, including numerical stepsize, solar quadrupole moment, number of asteroids included, initial positions, and tidal dissipation. We demonstrate that our new solutions yield improved agreement with the geologic record across the Paleocene epoch, compared to previously available astronomical solutions for that period. Furthermore, we discuss implications of our results for solar system chaos and resonance transitions. We have also obtained K/T boundary (KTB) ages based on our new solutions, which suggest slightly younger KTB ages than those inferred from most recent 40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating.