Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

N. García-Redondo; M. Calvo-Rathert; Carrancho; A. Goguitchaichvili; E. Iriarte; A. Blanco-González; M. J. Dekkers; J. Morales-Contreras; C. Alario-García; C. Macarro-Alcalde

doi:10.1029/2021JB022614

Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

N. García-Redondo^*, M. Calvo-Rathert, Carrancho, A. Goguitchaichvili, E. Iriarte, A. Blanco-González, M. J. Dekkers, J. Morales-Contreras, C. Alario-García, C. Macarro-Alcalde

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

We report an archeomagnetic study from the Early Iron Age archeological site of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca, Spain). The studied materials were sampled from one roundhouse and its central fireplace, a surrounding burnt floor, and slags with a twofold objective. First, to archeomagnetically determine the last use of the central fireplace, because dating with other methods was imprecise. Second, to retrieve information about the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe from a period when the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) has been occasionally reported. This study includes mineralogical, archeomagnetic directional analyses, and multimethod archeointensity determinations. Paleomagnetic analyses of the central fireplace yield a mean direction: declination D = 15.1°, inclination I = 52.5°; k = 477.1, and α₉₅ = 5.6°. Archeointensity determinations yield a mean anisotropy-corrected archeointensity of 72.4 ± 2.0 μT (74.7 ± 4.3 μT if a pTRM-check correction is applied) on the central fireplace and 48.2 ± 2.0 μT on slags. A full-vector archeomagnetic dating was performed with the SHA.DIF.4k geomagnetic field model which yielded an age interval of last use of the central fireplace between 644 and 575 BCE (654–575 BCE with the pTRM-check corrected data) at 95% confidence level. This date agrees with the archeological context. Results allows to place the high paleointensity obtained near the maximum observed in Iberia at this age, confirming the existence of this peak related to the LIAA in Western Europe where records of this feature are still scarce.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021JB022614
Pages (from-to)	1-19
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Volume	126
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022614
Publication status	Published - Sept 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y Le?n and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Le?n (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019-105796GB-I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci?n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the ?Fort Hoofddijk? paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019-104349GA-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript.

Funding Information:
N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y León (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019‐105796GB‐I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the “Fort Hoofddijk” paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019‐104349GA‐I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. The Authors.

Funding

N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y Le?n and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Le?n (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019-105796GB-I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci?n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the ?Fort Hoofddijk? paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019-104349GA-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript.

Keywords

archeointensity
archeomagnetism
geomagnetic field changes
Iberian Peninsula
Levantine Iron Age Anomaly

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10.1029/2021JB022614Licence: CC BY

2021JB022614Final published version, 2.32 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

García-Redondo, N., Calvo-Rathert, M., Carrancho, Goguitchaichvili, A., Iriarte, E., Blanco-González, A., Dekkers, M. J., Morales-Contreras, J., Alario-García, C., & Macarro-Alcalde, C. (2021). Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(9), 1-19. Article e2021JB022614. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022614

@article{42859113d4e44b9b82c2a1c415527340,

title = "Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain",

abstract = "We report an archeomagnetic study from the Early Iron Age archeological site of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca, Spain). The studied materials were sampled from one roundhouse and its central fireplace, a surrounding burnt floor, and slags with a twofold objective. First, to archeomagnetically determine the last use of the central fireplace, because dating with other methods was imprecise. Second, to retrieve information about the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe from a period when the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) has been occasionally reported. This study includes mineralogical, archeomagnetic directional analyses, and multimethod archeointensity determinations. Paleomagnetic analyses of the central fireplace yield a mean direction: declination D = 15.1°, inclination I = 52.5°; k = 477.1, and α95 = 5.6°. Archeointensity determinations yield a mean anisotropy-corrected archeointensity of 72.4 ± 2.0 μT (74.7 ± 4.3 μT if a pTRM-check correction is applied) on the central fireplace and 48.2 ± 2.0 μT on slags. A full-vector archeomagnetic dating was performed with the SHA.DIF.4k geomagnetic field model which yielded an age interval of last use of the central fireplace between 644 and 575 BCE (654–575 BCE with the pTRM-check corrected data) at 95\% confidence level. This date agrees with the archeological context. Results allows to place the high paleointensity obtained near the maximum observed in Iberia at this age, confirming the existence of this peak related to the LIAA in Western Europe where records of this feature are still scarce.",

keywords = "archeointensity, archeomagnetism, geomagnetic field changes, Iberian Peninsula, Levantine Iron Age Anomaly",

author = "N. Garc{\'i}a-Redondo and M. Calvo-Rathert and Carrancho and A. Goguitchaichvili and E. Iriarte and A. Blanco-Gonz{\'a}lez and Dekkers, \{M. J.\} and J. Morales-Contreras and C. Alario-Garc{\'i}a and C. Macarro-Alcalde",

note = "Funding Information: N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y Le?n and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Le?n (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019-105796GB-I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci?n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the ?Fort Hoofddijk? paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019-104349GA-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Funding Information: N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y Le{\'o}n and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Le{\'o}n (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019‐105796GB‐I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci{\'o}n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the “Fort Hoofddijk” paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019‐104349GA‐I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The Authors.",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1029/2021JB022614",

language = "English",

volume = "126",

pages = "1--19",

journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth",

issn = "2169-9313",

publisher = "American Geophysical Union",

number = "9",

}

García-Redondo, N, Calvo-Rathert, M, Carrancho, Goguitchaichvili, A, Iriarte, E, Blanco-González, A, Dekkers, MJ, Morales-Contreras, J, Alario-García, C & Macarro-Alcalde, C 2021, 'Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain', Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 126, no. 9, e2021JB022614, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022614

Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain. / García-Redondo, N.; Calvo-Rathert, M.; Carrancho et al.
In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 126, No. 9, e2021JB022614, 09.2021, p. 1-19.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe

T2 - Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

AU - García-Redondo, N.

AU - Calvo-Rathert, M.

AU - Carrancho,

AU - Goguitchaichvili, A.

AU - Iriarte, E.

AU - Blanco-González, A.

AU - Dekkers, M. J.

AU - Morales-Contreras, J.

AU - Alario-García, C.

AU - Macarro-Alcalde, C.

N1 - Funding Information: N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y Le?n and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y Le?n (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019-105796GB-I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci?n (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the ?Fort Hoofddijk? paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019-104349GA-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Funding Information: N.G.R. acknowledges the financial support given by the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Research and Development Fund (ERDF). Financial support for this work was obtained from Junta de Castilla y León (project BU235P18) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the PID2019‐105796GB‐I00 of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Special thanks are also due to the “Fort Hoofddijk” paleomagnetic group in Utrecht University for their support and help during a short internship carried out by one of us (N.G.R). A.B.G. acknowledges the Council of Salamanca and the research project PID2019‐104349GA‐I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Huapei Wang and an anonymous reviewer as well as editor Isabelle Manighetti are acknowledged for their constructive and helpful review and comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2021. The Authors.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - We report an archeomagnetic study from the Early Iron Age archeological site of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca, Spain). The studied materials were sampled from one roundhouse and its central fireplace, a surrounding burnt floor, and slags with a twofold objective. First, to archeomagnetically determine the last use of the central fireplace, because dating with other methods was imprecise. Second, to retrieve information about the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe from a period when the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) has been occasionally reported. This study includes mineralogical, archeomagnetic directional analyses, and multimethod archeointensity determinations. Paleomagnetic analyses of the central fireplace yield a mean direction: declination D = 15.1°, inclination I = 52.5°; k = 477.1, and α95 = 5.6°. Archeointensity determinations yield a mean anisotropy-corrected archeointensity of 72.4 ± 2.0 μT (74.7 ± 4.3 μT if a pTRM-check correction is applied) on the central fireplace and 48.2 ± 2.0 μT on slags. A full-vector archeomagnetic dating was performed with the SHA.DIF.4k geomagnetic field model which yielded an age interval of last use of the central fireplace between 644 and 575 BCE (654–575 BCE with the pTRM-check corrected data) at 95% confidence level. This date agrees with the archeological context. Results allows to place the high paleointensity obtained near the maximum observed in Iberia at this age, confirming the existence of this peak related to the LIAA in Western Europe where records of this feature are still scarce.

AB - We report an archeomagnetic study from the Early Iron Age archeological site of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca, Spain). The studied materials were sampled from one roundhouse and its central fireplace, a surrounding burnt floor, and slags with a twofold objective. First, to archeomagnetically determine the last use of the central fireplace, because dating with other methods was imprecise. Second, to retrieve information about the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe from a period when the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) has been occasionally reported. This study includes mineralogical, archeomagnetic directional analyses, and multimethod archeointensity determinations. Paleomagnetic analyses of the central fireplace yield a mean direction: declination D = 15.1°, inclination I = 52.5°; k = 477.1, and α95 = 5.6°. Archeointensity determinations yield a mean anisotropy-corrected archeointensity of 72.4 ± 2.0 μT (74.7 ± 4.3 μT if a pTRM-check correction is applied) on the central fireplace and 48.2 ± 2.0 μT on slags. A full-vector archeomagnetic dating was performed with the SHA.DIF.4k geomagnetic field model which yielded an age interval of last use of the central fireplace between 644 and 575 BCE (654–575 BCE with the pTRM-check corrected data) at 95% confidence level. This date agrees with the archeological context. Results allows to place the high paleointensity obtained near the maximum observed in Iberia at this age, confirming the existence of this peak related to the LIAA in Western Europe where records of this feature are still scarce.

KW - archeointensity

KW - archeomagnetism

KW - geomagnetic field changes

KW - Iberian Peninsula

KW - Levantine Iron Age Anomaly

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85115736176

U2 - 10.1029/2021JB022614

DO - 10.1029/2021JB022614

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85115736176

SN - 2169-9313

VL - 126

SP - 1

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JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

IS - 9

M1 - e2021JB022614

ER -

García-Redondo N, Calvo-Rathert M, Carrancho, Goguitchaichvili A, Iriarte E, Blanco-González A et al. Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2021 Sept;126(9):1-19. e2021JB022614. doi: 10.1029/2021JB022614

Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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