TY - JOUR
T1 - Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
T2 - A European Nested Case-Control Study
AU - Opstelten, Jorrit L
AU - Beelen, Rob M J
AU - Leenders, Max
AU - Hoek, Gerard
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - van Schaik, Fiona D M
AU - Siersema, Peter D
AU - Eriksen, Kirsten T
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
AU - Carbonnel, Franck
AU - de Hoogh, Kees
AU - Key, Timothy J
AU - Luben, Robert
AU - Chan, Simon S M
AU - Hart, Andrew R
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
AU - Oldenburg, Bas
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - BACKGROUND: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AIM: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment. Air pollution data were obtained from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects. Residential exposure was assessed with land-use regression models for particulate matter with diameters of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Although air pollution was not significantly associated with CD or UC separately, the associations were mostly similar. Individuals with IBD were less likely to have higher exposure levels of PM2.5 and PM10, with ORs of 0.24 (95 % CI 0.07-0.81) per 5 μg/m(3) and 0.25 (95 % CI 0.08-0.78) per 10 μg/m(3), respectively. There was an inverse but nonsignificant association for PMcoarse. A higher nearby traffic load was positively associated with IBD [OR 1.60 (95 % CI 1.04-2.46) per 4,000,000 motor vehicles × m per day]. Other air pollutants were positively but not significantly associated with IBD.CONCLUSION: Exposure to air pollution was not found to be consistently associated with IBD.
AB - BACKGROUND: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AIM: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment. Air pollution data were obtained from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects. Residential exposure was assessed with land-use regression models for particulate matter with diameters of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Although air pollution was not significantly associated with CD or UC separately, the associations were mostly similar. Individuals with IBD were less likely to have higher exposure levels of PM2.5 and PM10, with ORs of 0.24 (95 % CI 0.07-0.81) per 5 μg/m(3) and 0.25 (95 % CI 0.08-0.78) per 10 μg/m(3), respectively. There was an inverse but nonsignificant association for PMcoarse. A higher nearby traffic load was positively associated with IBD [OR 1.60 (95 % CI 1.04-2.46) per 4,000,000 motor vehicles × m per day]. Other air pollutants were positively but not significantly associated with IBD.CONCLUSION: Exposure to air pollution was not found to be consistently associated with IBD.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Particulate matter
KW - inflammatory bowel disease
KW - Crohn's disease
KW - Ulcerative colitis
U2 - 10.1007/s10620-016-4249-4
DO - 10.1007/s10620-016-4249-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 27461060
SN - 0002-9211
VL - 61
SP - 2963
EP - 2971
JO - American Journal of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -