TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries
AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
AU - Doelman, Jonathan C.
AU - Schmidt Tagomori, Isabela
AU - Beusen, Arthur H.W.
AU - Cornell, Sarah E.
AU - Röckstrom, Johan
AU - Schipper, Aafke M.
AU - Stehfest, Elke
AU - Ambrosio, Geanderson
AU - van den Berg, Maarten
AU - Bouwman, Lex
AU - Daioglou, Vassilis
AU - Harmsen, Mathijs
AU - Lucas, Paul
AU - van der Wijst, Kaj Ivar
AU - van Zeist, Willem Jan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025/5/22
Y1 - 2025/5/22
N2 - The pressures humanity has been placing on the environment have put Earth’s stability at risk. The planetary boundaries framework serves as a method to define a ‘safe operating space for humanity’1,2 and has so far been applied mostly to highlight the currently prevailing unsustainable environmental conditions. The ability to evaluate trends over time, however, can help us explore the consequences of alternative policy decisions and identify pathways for living within planetary boundaries3. Here we use the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment4 to project control variables for eight out of nine planetary boundaries under alternative scenarios to 2050, both with and without strong environmental policy measures. The results show that, with current trends and policies, the situation is projected to worsen to 2050 for all planetary boundaries, except for ozone depletion. Targeted interventions, such as implementing the Paris climate agreement, a shift to a healthier diet, improved food, and water- and nutrient-use efficiency, can effectively reduce the degree of transgression of the planetary boundaries, steering humanity towards a more sustainable trajectory (that is, if they can be implemented based on social and institutional feasibility considerations). However, even in this scenario, several planetary boundaries, including climate change, biogeochemical flows and biodiversity, will remain transgressed in 2050, partly as result of inertia. This means that more-effective policy measures will be needed to ensure we are living well within the planetary boundaries.
AB - The pressures humanity has been placing on the environment have put Earth’s stability at risk. The planetary boundaries framework serves as a method to define a ‘safe operating space for humanity’1,2 and has so far been applied mostly to highlight the currently prevailing unsustainable environmental conditions. The ability to evaluate trends over time, however, can help us explore the consequences of alternative policy decisions and identify pathways for living within planetary boundaries3. Here we use the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment4 to project control variables for eight out of nine planetary boundaries under alternative scenarios to 2050, both with and without strong environmental policy measures. The results show that, with current trends and policies, the situation is projected to worsen to 2050 for all planetary boundaries, except for ozone depletion. Targeted interventions, such as implementing the Paris climate agreement, a shift to a healthier diet, improved food, and water- and nutrient-use efficiency, can effectively reduce the degree of transgression of the planetary boundaries, steering humanity towards a more sustainable trajectory (that is, if they can be implemented based on social and institutional feasibility considerations). However, even in this scenario, several planetary boundaries, including climate change, biogeochemical flows and biodiversity, will remain transgressed in 2050, partly as result of inertia. This means that more-effective policy measures will be needed to ensure we are living well within the planetary boundaries.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105005091925&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41586-025-08928-w
DO - 10.1038/s41586-025-08928-w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105005091925
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 641
SP - 910
EP - 916
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 8064
ER -
